6 week part 2 Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
Literature promoting exploration changed at the end of the 16th century to literature promoting . . .
A
settlement
2
Q
what was not a part of settlement literature?
A
religious freedom
3
Q
When did the puritans come to America
A
1620
4
Q
what brought settlers to america
A
land
good wages
other benefit
5
Q
three keys to puritanism
A
plainness
divine mission
grace
6
Q
what was not an emphasis of puritanism?
A
intuition
7
Q
did puritans write poetry
A
yes
8
Q
what did michael wigglesworth write about
A
judgment day
9
Q
Were there many puritans by the revolution?
A
no
10
Q
literature differences between the north and the south
A
north - inward lit
south - outward lit
11
Q
what early writers share with modern writers
A
desire to convey the special quality of life in america
12
Q
who was powhatan
A
an Indian chief
13
Q
what did smith not do
A
tell the Europeans about gold
14
Q
longest and most important work of smith
A
the general history of virginia, new england, and the southern isles
15
Q
what did smith say about the president
A
did not respect him
16
Q
what did smith give the natives
A
a compass
17
Q
what did powhatan not do
A
give smith pocahontas in marriage
18
Q
did powhatan mistreat the men
A
no
19
Q
how many indian languages contributed to the english language
A
200
20
Q
what people did columbus encounter when he first landed in the americas
A
arawak
21
Q
three myths associated with the americas
A
untold treasures faster trade route to China Earthly paradise with cure for all diseases fountain of youth rivers filled with gold
22
Q
how did europeans learn about the benefits of settling in the americas?
A
books
23
Q
chief forms of writing among the puritans
A
spiritual autobiography
puritan histories
poetry
24
Q
who wrote a history including the salem witch trials
A
Magnalia Christi Americana
The Great Works of Christ in America
Cotton Mather
25
first book published in america
the bay psalm book
26
which poem was the most popular literary work of its day
Day of Doom - Michael Wigglesworth
27
revival of puritanism in the 1740s
great awakening
28
ideal of conduct among southern plantation owners
generous self controlled gentleman, attentive to manners and aware of obligation to serve the public
29
first known theater in north america
williamsburg, virginia
30
why did the colonists depose Wingfield the head of the colony
the president was escaping the hardships
31
reasons for colonists' hardships
```
sickness
weakness
bad leader
no food
bad lodging
```
32
who kept the colonists from starving
God and the native americans
33
what did smith give powhatan
compass
cannons
millstone
toys
34
what was smith charged with at jamestown
double murder
35
american historical periods
```
new
expanding
struggling
maturing
experimenting
reshaping
```
36
new nation - years and subtitles
1600-1800
| Puritanism and Rationalism
37
characteristics of puritanism
Sermons
•Personal Narratives
•Plain Style
•Authority of Bible & church
38
characteristics of rationalism
Political pamphlets
•Ornate Style
•Persuasive Writing
•Patriotism
39
history of puritanism
Person’s fate determined by God
•All are corrupt and must be saved by Christ
•Settlement of British Colonies in America
40
history of rationalism
Revolutionary War
| •Instructive in values
41
puritans
```
William Bradford
•Mary Rowlandson
•Jonathan Edwards
•Anne Bradstreet
•Cotton Mather
```
42
rationalist
Thomas Jefferson
•Benjamin Franklin
•Thomas Paine
•Patrick Henry
43
expanding nation years and subtitles
1800-1860
| romanticism and transcendentlism
44
characteristics of romanticism
```
VALUE FEELING & INTUITION
•IMAGINATION
•MYSTERY
•POETRY
•SHORT STORIES
```
45
history of expanding nation
Expansion of magazines, newspapers, and book publishing
•Slavery debates
•Industrial Revolution: “Old ways” of doing things are now irrelevant
46
expanding nation writers
Washington Irving
•William Cullen Bryant
•James Fenimore Cooper
•Emily Dickinson
47
characteristics of transcendentalism
```
American Renaissance”
•Self-Reliance
•Individualism
•Inner-Light
•Idealist
•Utopia
•Nature's lessons
```
48
characteristics of anti-transcendentalism
Dark Romanticism”
•Symbolism
•Sin, Pain, & Evil
49
transcendentalist writers
Ralph Waldo Emerson
| Henry David Thoreau
50
anti-transcendentalist
Nathaniel Hawthorne
| herman melville
51
struggling nation years and subtitles
1860-1910
| realism, regionalism, naturalism
52
characteristics of realism
```
Ordinary People
•Real-life, Every-day events
•Objective Narrator
•Open Interpretation
•Slave Narratives
```
53
characteristics of regionalism
Local color”
•Dialect or vernacular style
•Social customs and mannerisms
54
characteristics of naturalism
Fate rules above all; man has no control
•Nature acts against mankind
•Society is seen as a laboratory for the study of human behavior and a shaper of it
55
history of struggling nation
Civil War & post Civil War
•Influence of Sigmund Freud & Charles Darwin (diminishes faith)
•Demand for “truer” type of literature that does not idealize people or places
56
realism writers
Walt Whitman
•Henry James
•William Dean Howells
57
regionalism writers
```
Henry Timrod
•Sidney Lanier
•Frederick Douglass
•Kate Chopin
•Mark Twain
•Harriet Beecher Stowe
•Sarah Jewett
•Bret Harte
```
58
naturalism writers
```
Stephen Crane
•Paul Laurence Dunbar
•Theodore Dreiser
•Jack London
•Willa Cather
•Upton Sinclair
```
59
a maturing nation years and subtitle
1910-1950
| modernism
60
characteristics of modernism
```
Pessimism
•“American Dream”
•Emphasis on image
•Lost Generation
•Beat Generation
•Use of interior monologue & stream of consciousness
•Plays, poetry, novels
```
61
history of modernism
```
WW1 & WW2
•“Jazz Age”/ “Roaring 20’s”
•Harlem Renaissance
•The Great Depression
•Karl Marx
•Rise of youth culture
•Civil rights and equality
```
62
modern writers
* Mary Antin
* Edgar Lee Masters
* F. Scott Fitzgerald
* Robert Frost and Carl Sandburg
* T.S. Elliot
* John Steinbeck and William Faulkner
* Langston Hughes
* Ezra Pound
* William Carlos Williams
* Eugene O'Neill, Tennessee William, Thornton Wilder, Arthur Miller
63
experimenting nation subtitle and year
postmodernism
| 1950 - 1980
64
characteristics of post modernism
```
Mix of fantasy with non-fiction
•Media culture interprets values
•Narratives
•No heroes
•Emotion-provoking
•Humorous Irony
•Storytelling
•Autobiographies
•Individual isolation
•Social issues (ethnic & feminist)
```
65
history of postmodernism
```
Post WW2 prosperity
•New century & millennium
•Space exploration
•Korean War
•Vietnam War
```
66
postmodern writers
```
James Baldwin
•Ernest Hemingway
•Katherine Anne Porter
•Saul Bellow
•Bernard Malamud
•John Updike
•Eudora Welty
•Flannery O'Connor
```
67
a reshaping nation years and subtitle
relativism
| 1980-2010
68
characteristics of relativism
```
No absolutes
•No sins; tolerance
•Individualism and cultural diversity
•Apathetic: “whatever”
•Little commitment
•Progress (science answers all)
```
69
history of relativism
Gulf War
•Iraqi War
•Advances in technology
70
relativism writers
```
Toni Morrison
•Amy Tan
•J.D. Salinger
•N. Scott Momaday
•Rita Dove
•Harper Lee
•Elizabeth Spenser
•Merrill Joan Gerber
•David Gates
```
71
main themes in american lit
```
Innocence to Discovery
•The American Dream
•The Land, the Frontier, the Road
•The Hero
•The Diverse Cultural Community
•Equality for all
•Freedom and Love (family, marriage)
•Wealth and Death (violence and war)
•Religion and Faith
```
72
what is the acronym for rhetoric
pleases
73
what does pleases stand for
```
purpose
listeners
exigence
appeals
structure
effect
strategies
```
74
about purpose
reasons for writing or for the speaker speaking
hope to accomplish
what the audience should do with the situation placed before them
75
about listeners
about the audience
| exigence, attitude, rapport
76
two levels of audience
primary or immediate audience
| secondary or future audience who will draw from the present situation
77
what is exigence
background
occasion
history
78
significance of background
what elements led the persuader to communicate
79
occasion
what prompts the persuader to talk about that then
80
history
what is their situation
81
three appeals
logos pathos ethos
82
structure
organization and form
arrangement of ideas and sequence of thoughts
significance of paragraph placement
particular writing type
83
effect
```
persuade
confirm
move to action
inform
stir up
challenge
comfort
edify
inspire
```
84
strategies
diction
syntax
emphasis
85
diction
why these words
86
syntax
why this particular structure
87
emphasis
why this figurative language, repetition, or highlight
88
what are rhetorical devices
basic devices a writer uses to tell a story explain a point or argue a position
89
rhetorical strategies
examples, contrasts, causes, classifications, processes, definitions, narration, and description
90
what is style
unique writing pattern
91
elements of style
```
subject matter
selection of details
point of view
diction
imagery
attitude
tone
pacing
syntax
organiation
deductive-inductive
time
transitions
active passive
types of sentence flow
attitude
```
92
What did John Smith write in 1608
a truel relation of virginia
93
1624
John smith
| general history
94
1640
bay psalm book
95
unknown
edward taylor
| poetical works
96
1650
anne bradstreet
| the tenth muse lately sprung up in america
97
1662
michael wigglesworth
| day of doom
98
1683
new england primer
99
1702
cotton mather
| magnalia christi americana
100
1704
sarah kemble knight
| the journey of madam knight
101
1729
william byrd
| the history of the dividing line
102
1741
sinners in the hands of an angry God
| jonathan edwards
103
1732-1757
Benjamin Franklin
| Poor Richard's almanac
104
1767
first american play
| prince of parthia
105
franklin begins autobiography
1771
106
1773
phillis wheatley
| poems on various subjects, religious and moral
107
1776
Thomas Paine
Common Sense
Thomas Jefferson
The Declaratoin of INdependence
108
1776-1783
thomas paine
| the crisis
109
1782
letters from an american farmer
| michel-guillaume jean de crevecoeur
110
first american novel published
1789
| the power of sympathy
111
the book begins with a reference to
christopher columbus
112
where did christopher columbus land
san salvador
113
for how many years were the europeans actively exploring the americas
50
114
cortes
besieged Mexico City for 93 days until he destroyed it and exterminated the aztecs
115
cabeza de vaca
walked across nearly 2/3 of america looking for settlement
116
tall tales
people sleep under water
king became giant after having his bones stretched
people with hard tails
117
what happened at the end of the sixteenth century
interest changed from exploration to settlement
118
draw to america
food plentiful
| poor might own land
119
how many puritans
100
120
next shipment of puritans
1000 in boston
121
what were puritans trying to do in england
reform the church
122
what is grace
God purifying feelings
123
three puritan values
grace, plainness, divine mission
124
about plainness
eliminating church traditions
125
divine mission
their lives in the new world as missions
126
how did puritans track their grace
diaries
127
what does magnalia christi americana say
lives of the leaders of new england
conflict with Indians
witchcraft trials at Salem
128
two big puritan poets
anne bradstreet and edward taylor
129
what was the bay psalm book
translation of the BIblical book of psalms
130
first american best seller
day of doom
131
juxtaposition
poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas words or phrases are placed next to one another, creating surprise
132
natural order of a sentence
subject before predicate
133
inverted sentence
predicate, subject
134
split sentence
predicate subject predicate
135
balanced sentence
phrases balance each other by their likeness or struckture
136
loose sentence
makes sense before ending
137
periodic
only makes sense at the end
138
compound
2 independent clauses
139
complex
an independent and a dependent
140
telegraphic
shorter than 5 words
141
large sentences
30 plus
142
concrete
specific
143
abstract
general
144
who owned day of doom
1 in thirty five in new england
145
what happened to religion
attacked in the new age of reason
146
when did puritanism revive
1740s
147
what was the time called when the puritans revived
great awakening
