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Microbiology > 7.24 Agents of Hepatic Abscesses and Other Intra-Abdominal Infections > Flashcards

7.24 Agents of Hepatic Abscesses and Other Intra-Abdominal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Focal accumulations of debris and pus that may be caused by seeding of pyogenic organisms into a tissue or by secondary infections of necrotic foci

A

Abscesses

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2
Q

Postoperative; perforation of hollow viscus; appendicitis; diverticulitis; tumor; Crohn’s disease; PID, generalized peritonitis

A

Intraperitoneal (subphrenic, right or left lower quadrant, interloop, paracolic, pelvic)

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3
Q

Trauma, ascending cholangitis, portal bacteremia

A

Hepatic

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4
Q

Trauma, hematogenous, infarction

A

Splenic

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5
Q

Trauma, pancreatitis

A

Pancreatic

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6
Q

Spread of renal parenchymal abscess

A

Perinephric

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7
Q

Anaerobic infection DOC

A

Metronidazole

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8
Q

Gram-negative DOC

A

3rd gen cephalosporins

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9
Q

Most common organism that is attributed to intraperitoneal abscesses
Most common anaerobic bloodstream isolate

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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10
Q

B fragilis TOC

A

Metronidazole

High dose penicillin

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11
Q

Found on B fragilis bacteria surface

Triggers septic response

A

Capsular polysaccharide complex

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12
Q

Localize abscess caused by B. fragilis

A

Indium-labelled WBCs and gallium

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13
Q

Contrast media for abscesses contiguous with or contained within diverticula, because they are particularly difficult to diagnose with scanning procedures

A

Barium enema

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14
Q

Mainstay management of intraabdominal infections

A

Drainage of abscess (less than 20cc/day)

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15
Q

Most important type of visceral abscess
Fever, chills, anorexia, RUQ pain, right-sided pulmonary symtoms
FUO

A

Pyogenic liver abscess

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16
Q

Main causative agent of pyogenic liver abscess

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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17
Q

Liver invasion by bacteria

A

Ascending infection int he biliary tract (ascending cholangitis)

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18
Q

In developing countries, the most common cause of pyogenic liver abscess

A

E. histolytica

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19
Q

Most common cause of pyogenic liver abscess among immunocompromised patients

A

Candida spp

20
Q

Gram neg bacilli
Lactose fermenter
Very common in intraperitoneal or visceral abscesses

A

K. pneumoniae

21
Q

Outer membrane protein that makes K. pneumoniae more invasive
Antiphagocytic activity

A

MagA

22
Q

Sources of pyogenic liver abscess

A

Biliary
Pelvic/intraperitoneal
Hematogenous

23
Q

Hematogenous pyogenic liver abscess

A

S. aureus, Streptococcus spp

24
Q

Fever followed by RUQ and epigastric pain, jaundice, chills, nonspecific symptoms

A

Pyogenic liver abscess

25
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess

A

Inc Alk Phosphatase
Hypoalbuminemia
Leukocytosis

26
Q

Inhibits cell wall synthesis of G+ and some G-

A

Ampicillin

27
Q

Irreversible inhibitors of protein synthesis

G+ and G-

A

Gentamicin

28
Q

Nitro group is chemically reduced in anaerobic bacteria
Reative reduction products appear to be responsible for antimicrobial activity
Anaerobes

A

Metronidazole

29
Q

Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Broad spectrum
Rash, drug fever

A

Cefotaxime

Ceftriaxone

30
Q

Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Extended spectrum, better coverage for G-
Immediate hypersensitivity

A

Piperacillin/tazobactam

31
Q

Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Broad spectrum
NVD skin rashes and reactions at infusion sites
Seizures in renal failure

A

Carbapenems (Ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, doripenem)

32
Q

Inhibits DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

33
Q

Most common bacterial isolates from splenic abscesses

A

Streptococcal species

34
Q

Seen fairly commonly, especially in patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathy

A

Salmonella spp

35
Q

Abdominal pain in LUQ, splenomegaly, fever and leukocytosis, left-sided chest findings

A

Splenic abscesses

36
Q

Splenic abscess treatment

A

Splenectomy with adjunctive antibiotics

37
Q

Commonly arise from ascending UTI

A

Retroperitoneal abscess

38
Q

Most important risk factor for retroperitoneal abscess

A

Nephrolithiasis

39
Q

3 most common causes of UTI

A

E. coli
Proteus spp
Klebsiella spp

40
Q

Aerobic species, Gram -, lactose fermenter, has factors that promote adherence to uroepithelial cells

A

E. coli

41
Q

Lactose non fermenter
Rapid-urease-positive organism
Found in association with large struvite - MgNO4SO4

A

Proteus spp

42
Q

Hallmark is large fungal balls

A

Candida spp

43
Q

Abdominal pain that radiates to the hips and thighs

Constant pain at grin regions

A

Psoas abscess

44
Q

Commonly associated diseases of psoas abscess

A

Osteomyelitis

Pott’s disease

45
Q

Most likely to be isolated when a psoas abscess arsises from hematogenous spread or contiguous focus of osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus

46
Q

Most common form of disease associated with amoeba

A

Colitis

47
Q

Most common form of extraintestinal amoebiasis

RUQ pain, fever

A

Amoebic liver abscess

Microbiology (4 decks)

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