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Brain and Behaviour > 2) Structure of Nervous System > Flashcards

2) Structure of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior is…

A

Front

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2
Q

Posterior is…

A

Back

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3
Q

Dorsal is..

A

Top (think dorsal fin is on top)

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4
Q

Lateral is..

A

Toward the side

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5
Q

Ventral is…

A

Underneath/bottom

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6
Q

Medial is..

A

Toward middle

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7
Q

Ipsilateral is…

A

Same side

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8
Q

Contralateral is…

A

On opposite side (think ‘on the contrary’)

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9
Q

Horizontal brain slice section is

A

parallel to the ground

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10
Q

What is the CNS comprised of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

The cranial and spinal nerves make up what system?

A

The peripheral nervous system

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12
Q

How much of the body’s blood and oxygen supply is used in brain circulation?

A

20%

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13
Q

What are all the layers of the meninges? (protective tissue layers)

A

Dura mater- tough, flexibel, most outer meninx. Arachnoid- middle layer, like drapped cellophane, doesn’t fall into the brain contours.
Pia mater- very thin final layer right on surface of brain, reaching the cerebral cortex

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14
Q

What is the gap between the arachnoid and pia called?

A

subarachnoid space

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15
Q

How many ventricles are there in the Ventricular system

A

4

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16
Q

What are the hollow chambers (ventricles) filled with?

A

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

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17
Q

What is the CSF for and where does it circulate?

A

The CSF is a fluid that acts a watery cushion for the brain’s protection. It circulates in the arachnoid space, ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord

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18
Q

Outline the circulation cycle of CSF

A

1) UP spinal cord 2) around the front 3) over the top 4) down the back 5) returning back down central canal of spinal cord into blood stream

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19
Q

Which is the largest section of the brain?

A

The forebrain (telencephalon area)

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20
Q

What areas/system does the forebrain consists of?

A

The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and limbic system

21
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

Thin wrinkled layer of tissue over the 2 hemispheres of the brain

22
Q

Which 3 animals have all these brain parts (cerebellum, brain stem, 2 hemispheres)

A

Humans, sheep, dolphins

23
Q

What is the grey matter in the cerebrum?

A

The cell bodies of neurons (including dendrites and axon terminals), where ALL synapses are found

24
Q

What is the white matter of the cerebrum?

A

Made up of axons, which connect together the grey matter areas. White appearance is fatty tissue (for insulation).

25
Q

Where is the corpus callosum and what is it’s function?

A

In the mid brain. It connects the two hemispheres and allows communication between them to occur

26
Q

What are all the lobes called? (Remember FPOT) ?

Which cortex is in the parietal lobe

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal.

Somatosensory (body sense) in the parietal lobe

27
Q

If I say ‘audio tempo’ which primary cortex does the hint relate to

A

The auditory (‘audio’) cortex, situated in the temporal (‘tempo’) lobe

28
Q

Which primary cortex does the hint ‘eye’ belong to

A

The visual (sight) cortex, situated in the occipital (occi-eyes) lobe

29
Q

Which primary cortex does the hint ‘motor part’ belong to

A

The motor cortex, situated in the frontal lobe

30
Q

What model shows the somatotopic organisation of these cortices (how much brain space our body parts take up i.e hands/face mainly mouth are largest)

A

The homunculus model

31
Q

What did Brodmann’s work find?

A

Th Brodmann’s areas- distinguished 46 different brain areas (of cell structure/organisation)

32
Q

The limbic system (involved in learning, memory and attention) is found where in the brain?

A

The midbrain

33
Q

Which brain areas are part of the limbic system?

A

The limbic cortex > hippocampus > mammillary bodies (part of hippo) >amygdala (emotion),

34
Q

What is the basal ganglia (of the mid brain area) responsible for?

A

Processing info for motor movement

35
Q

What is in the diencephalon (forebrain area) ?

A

Thalamus (main sensory relay for all senses, except smell), also regulates the ANS

36
Q

What falls unTder the roof (tectum) of the midbrain?

A

The superior colliculi (involved in fast eye movement, like scanning a shopping aisle for an item), inferior colliculi (auditory pathway) & the tegmentum (role in motor movement- Parkinson’s is loss of neurons here)

37
Q

Which two main structures form the hindbrain?

A

The metencephalon and the myencephalon

38
Q

What do the two hindbrain structures contain/do?

A

Metencephalon- contains the cerebellum (mini brain involved in movement/co-ordination) and the pons (bridge)
Myencephalon- contains the medulla oblongata (under pons) used for basic life function i.e. breathing, swallowing, wake-sleep cycles

39
Q

Locate the white and grey matter of the spinal cord

A

White matter is OUTSIDE, grey matter is INSIDE the cord

40
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord

A

Allows communication between sense organs/muscles below the head

41
Q

Explain the Bell-Magendie Law

A 
Dorsal roots (at back) - carry sensory info TO the CNS (AFFERENT)
Ventral roots (underside)- carry motor info to muscles  and glands AWAY from CNS (EFFERENT- remember A + E go to together)
42
Q

What system carries info signals TO + FROM CNS

A

The peripheral nervous system

43
Q

What does the PNS contain?

A

12 cranial nerves (directly in the brain)
31 Pairs of Spinal nerves (peripheral nerves from spinal cord)
BOTH have EFFerent and AFFerent

44
Q

What are the two branches of the ANS

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

45
Q

What kind of nerves does the CNS have

A

All of the ANS has EFFERENT nerves (all info from ANS carried away to muscles)

46
Q

What role does each branch of the ANS do

A

Sympathetic- fight or flight response, arousal, prepares body to expend energy
Parasympathetic- rest and restore, relaxes and calms the body (as can’t use the SNS for too long)

47
Q

What is the difference between a fissure, sulcus (sulci) and gyrus (gyri)

A

Fissures (larger trough) and sulci (narrower trough) in the brain. Gyri are the ridges/bumps

48
Q

Where is CSF fluid produced

A

Choroid Plexus (in each of the ventricles)

Brain and Behaviour (18 decks)

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