Sleep 1

Question 1

In what 3 ways can we monitor sleep best?

Answer 1

1) EEG for brain activity
2) EMG for muscle activity
3) Eye movements (EOG)

Question 2

What is the rebound phenomenon

Answer 2

If you are deprived of sleep you will make up for the sleep debt in your next sleep

Question 3

Name all 5 neurotransmitters that play a role in arousal (alertness/wakefulness)

Answer 3

ACH, noradrenanline, histamine, serotonin, orexin

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is found in the hippocampus/neocortex, and facilitates wakefulness

Answer 4

Acetylcholine (I.e. realeased in wakefulness when up, alert/active brain in REM)

Question 5

Where is noradrenaline made/found? What’s it’s role

Answer 5

Increases when awake, associated with vigilance tasks

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is stimulated at the raphe nuclei (where most if these neurotransmitters are located) It is most active when awake, declines in sleep, has 1 temporary minor active period after REM and drops again.

Answer 6

Serotonin

Question 7

What is histamine for and where is it located?

How do drugs respond to it?

Answer 7

It is an inflammatory resonse, located in the hypothalamus (HIST=HYPO).
Drugs preventing it’s synthesis block it’s receptors and decrease waking and increase sleep

Question 8

Orexin (hypocretin) is secreted from what location and what effect does it have

Answer 8

Secreted from the hypothalamus (HYPO=rexin).
It has an excitatory effect on the cerebral cortex, causing arousal/wakening.
Rat study- Orexin activated neurons that awoke them from REM/NREM sleep.

Question 9

How long is a typical sleep cycle and how many would you tend to have in an 8 hour sleep

Answer 9

Typical cycle is 90 mins. Go through the cycle 4 or 5 times in 8 hour sleep.