6.1 Resource Management Overview (Paper 2) Flashcards
<p>What is a<strong>resource</strong>?</p>
<p>A stock or a supply of something that has a value or purpose e.g. food, energy, water</p>
<p>What <strong>3</strong>resources are required for basic human development?</p>
<ul> <li>Food</li> <li>Energy</li> <li>Water</li> </ul>
<p>What is<strong>undernutrition</strong>?</p>
<p>A poorly balance diet lacking in vitamins and minerals</p>
<p>How does a lack of<strong>food</strong>affect<strong>wellbeing</strong>?</p>
<ul> <li>Lead to illness <ul> <li>Illness leads to inability to work</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
<p>In which<strong>continent</strong>are most<strong>undernourished</strong>people concentrated?</p>
<p>Africa</p>
<p>Why is<strong>water</strong>such an important resource?</p>
<ul> <li>Drinking (domestic)</li> <li>Irrigating crops (agriculture)</li> <li>Industry</li> </ul>
<p>How does<strong>water</strong>affect<strong>wellbeing</strong>?</p>
<ul> <li>Important for crop/food production</li> <li>Water for drinking/bathing</li> <li>Source of power</li> </ul>
<p>Why is there likely to be a<strong>waterimbalance</strong>in the<strong>future</strong>?</p>
<p>Variations in climate and rainfall</p>
<p>What is '<strong>water scarcity</strong>'?</p>
<p>A lack of a clean supply of water to meet demand</p>
<p>In<strong>HICs </strong>which<strong>sector</strong>uses the<strong>greatest</strong>proportion of<strong>water</strong>?</p>
<p>Industry</p>
<p>In<strong>LICs</strong>which<strong>sector</strong>uses the<strong>greatest</strong>proportion of<strong>water</strong>?</p>
<p>Agriculture</p>
<p>Name a region with<strong>little</strong>or<strong>nowaterscarcity</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>North America</li>
<li>Europe</li>
</ul>
<p>Name a region with<strong>physical</strong>water scarcity?</p>
<p>Middle East</p>
<p>Why is world<strong>energyconsumption</strong>increasing?</p>
<p>Countries are developing leading toincreased demand in industry, homes etc</p>
<p>Which group of countries are seeing the<strong>fastestincrease</strong>in the<strong>demand </strong>for <strong>energy</strong>?</p>
<p>Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)</p>
<p>Why does the UK<strong>import</strong>so much food?</p>
<ul>
<li>Cheapfrom abroad</li>
<li>UK produced food can be expensive</li>
<li>UK climate unsuitable for some food types eg. bananas</li>
<li>Demand for seasonal produce all year</li>
<li>Demand for more choice</li></ul>
<p>What are<strong>foodmiles</strong>?</p>
<p>The distancetravelled by food imported into the UK</p>
<p>What is a<strong>carbonfootprint</strong>?</p>
<p>The measure of carbon dioxide produced by certain activities</p>
<p>How does food generate a<strong>carbon footprint</strong>?</p>
<p>Producing, processing and packaging food releases CO2</p>
<p>Food needs transporting which releases emissions</p>
<p>How is the UK tackling it's<strong>dependency</strong>on<strong>importedfood</strong>and increasing<strong>air miles</strong>?</p>
<ul>
<li>Moving towards more agribusiness</li>
<li>Producing more organic food</li>
<li>Encouraging people to buy locally</li>
</ul>
<p>What is<strong>foodsecurity</strong>?</p>
<p>Securing a reliable food supply which is able to feed the population. This can be achieved by reducing dependence on imported food and growing more food in the UK</p>
<p>What is<strong>agribusiness</strong>?</p>
<p>A farming methods that involves large scale, intensivefarming, including production of fertilizers, farming methods are managed by one big firm. The aim is to produce as much as possible</p>
<p>What are the<strong>characteristics</strong>of<strong>agribusinesses</strong>?</p>
<ul> <li>High levels of investment</li> <li>Modern technology used</li> <li>Chemical fertilisers used</li> <li>Intensive production</li> </ul>
<p>What is<strong>organic</strong>produce?</p>
<p>Food grown without the use of chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides)</p>
Lynford House Farm is an agribusiness in East Anglia.
What are its main features?
- Flat, intensively farmed land
- Makes use of the climate so grows wheat and potatoes
- Chemical pesticides and fertilisers used
- High number of machines
- Low staff numbers
- Has built a 54 million litre reservoir to store water
Riverford Organic Farm in Devon delivers boxes of vegetables to customers.
What are the advantages of schemes like this?
- Reduce food miles
- Support local economy i.e. farmers
- Provide jobs for local people
- Strong link between producer and consumer
Why will demand for water in the UK continue to increase?
- Increasing population
- More houses being built
- More water intensive appliances eg washing machines
What is meant by a 'water surplus'?
Where the supply of water exceeds demand
What is meant by a 'water deficit'?
Where the demand for water exceeds supply
Where in the UK is there a water surplus?
The north and west
Where in the UK is there a water deficit?
The south and east
What is 'water stress'?
When demand for water is greater than the supply of water
Name 3 ways that water savings can be made
- Household water meters
- Using recycled water
- More efficient use of household appliances e.g. washing machines
What is 'grey water'?
Water that has already been used within a household
How can grey water be used again?
- Watering plants
- Flushing toilets
What are water transfer schemes?
Water is moved from an area of surplus to an area of deficit using underground pipes
Name the water transfer scheme that transfers water from the River Tyne to the Tees, Derwent and Wear
Kielder reservoir
Why do people oppose water transfer schemes?
- Damage to river habitats
- High costs
- Release of greenhouse gases when pumping water over long distances
How does the Environment Agency manage water quality?
- Monitoring river water quality
- Removing sediment from water
- Purifying water
- Restricting recreational uses so water is not wasted or contiminated
- Regulate water that is used
What are the sources of groundwater pollution?
- Chemicals from mines
- Industrial sites
- Fertilisers from farms
- Warm water from power stations
Why has demand for energy in the UK declined in recent years?
- Decline of heavy industry
- More energy being conserved e.g. low energy appliances, efficient cars and building insulation
What is meant by the term energy mix?
The amount and type of different energy sources used by a country
How has the UK's energy mix changed?
In the past - more reliance on coal
Now - less coal used. Gas and renewables form a large proportion of energy mix
What is 'energy security'?
When a country generates enough of its own energy internally without relying on imports
Coal use has declined over time but why will fossil fuels remain important to the UK?
- Still plenty of coal reserves left
- It is cheap to import
- Shale gas will be exploited in future
What is 'fracking'?
The process of extracting shale gas from under the ground
Explain how fracking works
High pressure liquids are pumped underground to release gas trapped within sedimentary rock
Why is fracking controversial?
- Drilling can trigger earthquakes
- Can pollute underground water sources
- Expensive process
What are the economic impacts (+ and -) of nuclear power?
- Expensive to build
- Costs a lot to produce the electricity
- Expensive to shut down when complete
+ Building boosts jobs and the local economy
What are the environmental impacts (+ and -) of nuclear power?
- Radioactive waste needs to be carefully stored.
- Warm waste water can harm ecosystems
- Risk of radiation leaks
What are the economic impacts (+ and -) of wind farms?
- Cost a lot to build
- Unattractive so less people spending money in local economy
+ Some wind farms attract tourists
+ Can reduce local bills
What are Abiotic factors?
Abiotic factors are resources that refer to non-living organisms, such as soil and water
What are Non-renewable resources?
Non-renewable energy resources are resources that cannot be replenished due to the long timescale it takes to form
Eg. Fossil Fuels (Coal, Natural Gas & Oil)
What are renewable resources?
Renewable resources are energy resources that can naturally be replenished in a short time scale and are inexhaustable
Eg. WInd or Solar Power
What are Biotic factors?
Biotic factors are resources that refer to living organisms, such as plants and animals
Why is there an uneven supply and consumption of resources?
The global supply and consumption of resources are very uneven due to the natural resources available in different countries and the wealth of different countries
- Some countries don't have their own energy reserves, while others have very dry climates that are not suitable for food production
- These countries must import resources or find technological solutions to produce more, which is expensive
Why is consumption greater in High-Income Countries (HICs)?
High-income countries can afford to buy resources. This is why High-income countries expect a greater standard of living
Why is consumption lower in low-income countries (LICs)?
Consumption is lower in low-income countries because they can't afford to exploit the resources they have or to import the resources that they need
What are NEEs?
NEEs are Newly Emerging Economies
Why do NEEs consume a lot of resources?
Consumption increases rapidly in NEEs as industry is developing fast, which requires a lot of energy, and population and wealth also is increasing
What types of food do people in developed countries expect?
- Seasonal Foods all year round
- High-value foods imported from other countries
- Organic Produce
Why is the carbon footprint of food in the UK growing?
- Growing food produces Carbon Dioxide and other greenhouse gases
- Foods have to be transported to the market
- Packaging food requires machinery that produces greenhouse gases
What are Food Miles?
Food Mile is the distance from where the produce is grown to where it is sold
Imported foods have to be travelled a long way, so have high food miles and a large carbon footprint
What are the consequences of industrialisation of farming in the UK?
- Increased use of Chemicals
- Decreased number of Workers
- Removal of Hedgerows
- Increasing of Farm Sizes
- Increased Soil Erosion
In which ways is there an increased use of chemicals in food production?
Large quantities of Pesticides and Fertilisers are being applied to crops
Animals are given special feed to encourage growth
Why is there a decreased number of farmworkers?
There is greater use of machinery in farming
Machinery is used in many areas of farming including planting and harvesting
What is Agribusiness?
Agribusiness is large-scale, industrial farming where processes from the production of seeds and fertilisers to the processing and packaging of food are controlled by large firms
