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Physiology 2 > Exam 3: GI 4-6 > Flashcards

Exam 3: GI 4-6 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathways where energy captured as a result of degradation of energy rich molecules

A

Catabolic pathways

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2
Q

Pathways that combine small molecules to form more complex energy and often chemical reductions

A

Anabolic pathways

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3
Q

What are the most abundant organic molecule in nature?

A

Cabohydrates

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4
Q

What are the functions of Carbohydrates?

A
  1. Energy storage
  2. Storage form of energy
  3. Cell memb. component
  4. Structural component
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5
Q

What are carbohydrates made of?

A

monosaccharides

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6
Q

How many monomers (carbon) make up ribose?

A

5

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7
Q

How many monomers (carbon) make up glucose?

A

6

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8
Q

Monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds?

A

disaccharides

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9
Q

3-10 monosaccharides

A

oligosaccharides

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10
Q

More than 10 monosaccharides

A

polysaccharides

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11
Q

What are the 4 major dietary carbohydrates

A
  1. starch
  2. glycogen
  3. saccharose
  4. lactose
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12
Q

digestion of carbohydrates is achieved by _____ enzymes

A

pancreatic

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13
Q

Digestion of carbohydrates is finished by enzymes synthesized where?

A

intestinal mucosa

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14
Q

Where does absorption of carbs take place?

A

duodenum and upper jejunum

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15
Q

how is absorption of carbs mediated in the SI?

A

Na dependent transport mech. (SGLT1) apically

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16
Q

Transport of carbs (glucoses) into the blood is passive and facilitated by:

A

Faciltated transport mech. (GLUT5 and 2) basolaterally

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17
Q

Once in the blood where does glucose travel?

A

to the liver for energy production

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18
Q

T/F. Glycolysis is a central ATP- producing pathway as it produces energy without O2.

A

T

19
Q

What cells take advantave of anaerobic glycolysis

A

red blood cells and muscle

20
Q

What do we gain during digestion of carbs.?

A

2 pyruvate
2 NADH
2 ATP

21
Q

Once we gain pyruvate from the digestion of carbs, where does it go?

A

to the mitochondria

22
Q

Where does the NADH from carb. digestion go?

A

electron transport chain to become NAD+

23
Q

During anaerobic glycolysis, how many ATPs are produced from one glucose? and what is it converted into?

A

2, lactate

24
Q

During the ETC, how many ATPs are produced for one molecule of NADH?

A

3

25
Q

What are other names for TCA?

A

krebs cycle or citric acid cycle

26
Q

The final pathway where carbohydrates, AA, and FA converge

A

TCA

27
Q

T/F TCA occurs close to the ETC.

A

T

28
Q

Is TCA aerobic or anaerobic?

A

aerobic, b/c oxygen is used as an electron acceptor

29
Q

What is the function of TCA?

A

Deliver recuced NADH and FADH2

30
Q

The production of glucose from non-sugar molecules such as AA, lactate, and glycerol

A

Gluconeogenesis

31
Q

T/F Gluconeogenesis is considered reverse glycolysis

A

F

32
Q

What are two important tissues for gluconeogenesis?

A
  1. kidney

2. liver

33
Q

Where does glyceral for gluconeogenesis come from?

A

glycerol phosphate

34
Q

Where does lactate for gluconeogenesis come from?

A

pyruvate

35
Q

Where does AA for gluconeogenesis come from?

A

TCA cycle, oxaloacetate

36
Q

A mechanism to store glucose as glycogen in order to mobilize glucose in absence of a dietary source

A

Glycogenesis

37
Q

Where are the main stores of glycogen for glycogenesis in the body?

A

skeletal m. and liver

38
Q

the process by which glucose is mobilized from glycogen granules in order to be sent into the blood and to other tissues

A

glycogenolysis

39
Q

Where does the pentose phosphate cycle occur?

A

Cytosol

40
Q

What is produced in the pentose phosphate cycle?

A
  1. no atp created or consumed
  2. produces major portion of NADPH
  3. ribose 5-phosphate (pentose)
41
Q

What are the 5 functions of NADPH in physiological processes?

A
  1. source of electrons
  2. carries e- in ETC
  3. Reduce the enzyme cytochrome P450
  4. Resp. burst
  5. synthesis of NO
42
Q

Where does the breakdown of proteins take place

A

in the stomach due to pepsin

43
Q

Where does final absorption of proteins take place?

A

SI

44
Q

What are the 5 roles of AA in the body?

A
  1. Hydroxylation of Tryptophane to serotonin

2.

Physiology 2 (19 decks)

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