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Human Biology > 31. Anabiosis, hypothermia and hibernation - nature and medical significance. > Flashcards

31. Anabiosis, hypothermia and hibernation - nature and medical significance. Flashcards

Human Biology (42 decks)

Development of the concept of life

22. Cell reproduction. Haploid-Diploid cycle. Aberrations in the normal run of mitosis and meiosis.

23. Sex and sexual traits. Determination and differentiation of the sex.

24. Sex chromatin (Barr’s body) - nature and medical significance.

25. Sexual reproduction. Gametogenesis. Fertilisation. Not typical forms of sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction:

26. Embryonic period - stages. The “induction” theory of Spemann.

27. Factors and mechanisms of morphogenesis. Genetic basis of embryogenesis.

28. Postembryonic period - direct development and metamorphosis, raging and death.

29. Regeneration - definition, mechanisms, medical significance.

30. Explantation - definition, conditions, medical significance.

31. Anabiosis, hypothermia and hibernation - nature and medical significance.

32. Molecular base of heredity. DNA and RNA - structure and functions.

33. DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA repairs.

34. Transcription - defintion and mechanism.

35. Translation - definition, stages, mechanism.

36. Genetic code - definition and characteristics.

37. Gene and regulation of the gene activity. Operon and its functions.

38. Hereditary material. Chromosomes - composition, submicroscopic and microscopic structure.

39. Karyotype - definition and evolution. The human karyotype.

40. Inheritance - basic of Mendelian genetics. Main types of inheritance. Multiple alleles and sex-linked traits.

41. Interactions between alleles and genes. and 42. Deviations from Mendel’s Laws - main causes.

43. Heredity and environment - phenocopy, genocopy, incomplete (reduced) penetrance.

44. Genetic variation. Phenotype variations - modifications.

45. Genotype alteration. Mutations - definition, different kinds.

46. Gene (point) mutations - definition, kinds, mechanism, “molecular diseases”.

47. Chromosomal (structural) mutations - definition, different rearrangements, “chromosomal diseases”.

47. Chromosomal (structural) mutations - definition, different rearrangements, “chromosomal diseases”.

48. Genomic (numerical) mutations - definitions, types, human syndromes.

49. Immune system – lymphoid organs and cells involved. Innate and acquired immunity.

50. Immune response - diversity and memory. Primary and secondary response, cellular and humoral response.

51. Antigens - definition, characteristics, different types

52. Human blood groups, alloantigens, the ABO/ H/ system.

53. Rhesus system. The immune conflict “Mother-Fetus”.

54. Antibodies - definition, structure, major class’s and functions.

55. Cells of the immune system. T and B cell populations, markers. Cell cooperation. 

56. Major Histocompatibility complex - H-2 and HLA system.

57. Transplantation immunology. Relationship between donor and recipient. Host versus Graft (HvGR) and Graft versus Host reaction (GvHR).

58. The tolerance to foreign antigens. Immunosuppression - significance to medicine.

59. Anthropogenesis - human paleontological history.

60. Biological and social nature of man. Human races.

61. Biology and genetics of populations. Phenotype, genotype and gene (allele) frequencies. Hardy-Weinberg Law. And 62. Hardy-Weinberg law. Factors affecting.

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