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Histology > Epithelial Tissues > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic tissues types?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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2
Q

What are the location of epithelial tissues?

A

Cover Exterior surfaces
Line internal cavities
Form Secretory portion of glands and ducts

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissues?

A

Has a free surface (body surface and luminal surface)
Closely aggregated cells with little extracellular matrix and strong adhesion between cells
Avascular-get oxygen and nutrients by diffusion

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4
Q

What are the epithelial cells polarity?

A

Apical domain-luminal or external surface
Lateral domain- contact with other cells and communication through junctions
Basal domain for attachment and necessary to be considered an epithelial cells

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5
Q

What are the apical domain characteristics?

A

Apical surface modifications

Secretory vesicles-present in secretory cells

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6
Q

What are the apical surface modifications?

A

To increase surface we have microvilli (Gi tract and kidney) and sterocilia (epididymis)
To move substances we have cilia ( respiratory system and oviduct)

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of microvilli?

A

Supported by actin filaments
Possess actin binding proteins (fibrin, fascin)
Lateral anchoring proteins-myosin I
Amorphous apex-villi

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8
Q

Where are microvilli found?

A

Intestine

Kidney

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of stereocilia?

A

Long microvilli
Supporting by actin filaments
Involved in absorption not in movement

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10
Q

Where are stereocilia found?

A

Epididymis-absorption

Ear cochlea- sensory receptors

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of cilia?

A

Core-axoneme

Transport materials along the surface by beating

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12
Q

Where are cilia found?

A

Respiratory tract

Oviduct

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13
Q

What is an example of cilia defects?

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia or inmotile ciliary syndrome

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14
Q

What are the consequences of cilia defects?

A

Embryological pathologies-dextrocardia
No mucus removal from lungs
Infertility
Impaired development of skull sinuses

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15
Q

What are the types of cell junctions

A

Zonula occludens or tight junctions
Anchoring junctions-zonula adherents and macula adherens(desmosomes)
Communicating or gap

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Tight junctions or Zonula Occludens?

A

Belt like junction formed by sealing strands

Tightest junction

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17
Q

What are the functions of the zonula occludens?

A

Prevent diffusion by blocking paracellular pathways
Found in cells with secretory roles like the stomach
Found in cells with absorptive role like kidney

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18
Q

What are the functions of anchoring junctions?

A

Provide stability and mechanical strength

Connect cell filaments

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of anchoring junctions?

A 
Zonula adherens-connect actin filaments of 2 cells
Macula adherens (desmosomes)-connect intermediate filaments of 2 cells
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20
Q

What is the structure of the zonula adherens?

A 
Belt like junction 
Actin
Actin binding proteins (vinculin, alpha actinin)
Peripheral protein (catenin)
Transmembrane link protein (cadherin)
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21
Q

What is the structure of macula adherens (desmosome)?

A

Spot like junction
Intermediate filaments
Intracellular plaque
Transmembrane proteins (cadherin)

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22
Q

What is a disease of cell junctions?

A

Pemphigus
Affect middle aged patients
Autoimmune disease
Produced antibodies for desmosomal proteins (desmoglein)
Characterized by mucous membrane blistering
Widespread skin

23
Q

What is the characteristics of the gap junctions?

A

Channel form by two connexions made of 6 connexins each from a cell

24
Q

Where are the gap functions found?

A

Epithelia
Cardiac and smooth muscle
Embryonic tissues

25
Q

What are the functions of gap functions?

A

Transport small molecules and ions

26
Q

What are the characteristics of the basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina from epithelium composed of laminin and collagen type IV
Reticular lamina from connective tissue composed of collagen type III

27
Q

What are the cell attachment to the basement membrane?

A

Focal adhesion or focal contact connect actin filaments

Hemidesmosome connect intermediate filaments

28
Q

What are the characteristics of the focal contact?

A 
Actin filaments
Actin binding proteins (vinculin, alpha actinin)
Peripheral protein (talin)
Transmembrane protein (Integrin)
Extracellular matrix
29
Q

What are the characteristics of hemidesmosomes?

A

Intermediate filaments that terminate at the intracellular plaques
Transmembrane protein- integrin
Extracellular matrix

30
Q

What are the different classification of epithelia?

A

By the number of layers-simple, stratified, pseudostratified
By cell shape-squamous, cuboidal, columnar
By surface modifications-ciliated, non ciliated

31
Q

What are the location of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Lining of vascular system
Lining of body cavities
Bowman’s capsule in kidney
Respiratory spaces in lungs

32
Q

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Barrier

Diffusion (oxygen, carbon dioxide)

33
Q

What afire the special types of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Endothelium (blood vessels, heart)

Mesothelium (pericardial, peritoneal, plural)

34
Q

What are the locations of simple cuboidal epithelia?

A 
Tubules of kidney
Various ducts (glands)
35
Q

What are the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Barrier
Secretion
Absorption

36
Q

What are the locations of the simple columnar epithelia?

A

GI tract, gallbladder-non ciliated

Oviduct-ciliated

37
Q

What are the functions of simple columnar epithelia?

A

Absorption
Secretion
Lubrication
Transport(ciliated)

38
Q

What are the locations of pseudostratified columnar epithelia?

A

Trachea, bronchi-ciliated

Epididymis, prostate-non ciliated

39
Q

What are the functions of pseudostratified columnar epithelia?

A

Protection and movement of mucus-ciliated

Absorption-non ciliated

40
Q

What are the locations of stratified squamous epithelia?

A

Skin (epidermis)-Keratinized

Oral cavity, esophagus, vagina-Non keratinized

41
Q

What are the functions of the stratified squamous epithelia?

A

Barrier

Protection

42
Q

What are the location of the stratified cuboidal epithelia?

stratified columnar epithelia?

A

Sweat gland ducts
Some exocrine glands
Large ducts of glands (parotide salivary)

43
Q

What are the functions of the stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelia?

A

Barrier

Conduit

44
Q

What are the locations of transitional epithelia?

A

Urinary system like the ureter, bladder the pelvis and calyces of kidney

45
Q

What are the functions of transitional epithelia?

A

Protection

Barrier

46
Q

What are the types of glands?

A

Endocrine-have no ducts, produce hormones, released their internal secretion into blood or lymph
Exocrine-Have surface secretions and possess ducts

47
Q

What are the types of exocrine glands?

A

By mechanism of secretion
Holocrine-whole cell content is released-cell destruction (sebaceous glands)
Apocrine-Apical cytoplasm pinching- release of vesicles(mammary glands)
Merocrine-Exocytosis (goblet cells, pancreas)
By numbers of cells
Unicellular
Multicellular

48
Q

What are the types of merocrine glands?

A

Serous
Mucous
Mixed (seromucous)

49
Q

What are the characteristics of serous glands?

A

Produce proteins
Cell structure contains euchromatic nucleus, dark secretory granules and lot of rough ER
Stain dark
Examples-pancreas, parotid salivary gland

50
Q

What are the characteristics of mucous glands?

A 
Produce mucins
Cell structure contains heterochromatic nucleus basally placed
Pale secretory granules
Little rough ER
Stain pale
Important fro protection and lubrication
Examples: Brunner's glands, goblet cells
51
Q

What are the characteristics of mixed glands?

A

Mucous cells-tubules

Serous cells -serous demilunes

52
Q

What are the characteristics of unicellular glands?

A

Mucous secreting
Among columnar epithelial cells
Lund in intestine and respiratory tract

53
Q

What are the types of the secretory part of glands

A

Alveolar or acinar-serous
Tubular-mucous
Tubuloalveolar-Mixed

54
Q

What are some pathologies of epitthelia?

A

Carcinoma-From barrier epithelia
Adenocarcinoma-From glandular tissue
Mesothelioma-malignant tumor of plural mesothelioma cause by asbestos exposure

Histology (7 decks)

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