Physio: Acid Base Regulation

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

H+ Donor

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

H+ Acceptor

Question 3

Acidosis

Answer 3

The excess addition of H+ to body fluids

Question 4

Alkalosis

Answer 4

The excess removal of H+ from body fluids

Question 5

Volatile acid

Answer 5

An acid derived directly from the hydration of CO2

Question 6

Non-Volatile Acid

Answer 6

An acid NOT derived directly from the hydration of CO2

Question 7

Titratable Acid

Answer 7

An acid that can lose H+ in an acid/base reaction

Question 8

Acid-Base disorders manifest themselves as deviations in levels of either ________

Answer 8

Plasma CO2 or HCO3-

Can be caused by a primary disturbance of HCO3- or pCO2

Question 9

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 9

High pCO2

Question 10

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 10

Low pCO2

Question 11

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 11

Low HCO3- (plasma)

Question 12

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 12

High HCO3- (plasma)

Question 13

Respiratory Disorders

Answer 13

Caused by over or under-ventilation

Question 14

Primary uncompensated disorder

Answer 14

If only one of these is unchanged

Compensation exists when either pCO2 or HCO3- levels remain altered for a period of time

Question 15

What is the log value of the dissociation constant for the bicarbonate buffer system?

Answer 15

6.1

Question 16

Rule of thumb

Respiratory acid-base disturbance–>

Metabolic acid-base disturbance–>

Answer 16

Resp–> renal compensation

Met –> respiratory compensation

Question 17

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 17

Low alveolar ventilation
Increases pCO2
Decreases pH

Renal response increased bicarbonate reabsorption and increasing H+ excretion

Question 18

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 18

Caused by high alveolar ventilation (hyperventilation)
Decreases pCO2
Increases pH (more basic)

Renal response is increasing Bicarbonate excretion and increasing H+ reabsorption

Question 19

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 19

Many possible causes
Loss of HCO3- and Addition of H+
Decrease in pH

Renal Response:

• Reabsorb all HCO3-
• Contribute new HCO3-
• Excretion of NH4+ and titratable acids

Question 20

What are the 3 kinds of tubular dysfunction? (Aka renal tubular acidosis RTA)

Answer 20

Classical Distal RTA (type 1): Defect in H+ secretion (Type A IC)

Proximal RTA (type 2): Defect in the HCO3- reabsorption

Hyperkalemia RTA (type 4): Associagted with hyperaldosteronism or pseudoaldosteronism

Question 21

Where is breathing regulated?

Answer 21

Chemosensitive area of the medulla

Question 22

How do the kidneys regulate pH levels?

Answer 22

Reabsorption of HCO3-

Secretion of H+

Production of new HCO3-

Question 23

Under normal conditions ________ HCO3- is excreted in the urine

Answer 23

Very little