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Histology Of The Heart - Gerdes Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

Myocyte proliferation ceases shortly after __________

A

Birth

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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3
Q

Endocardium

A
Endothelium
Loose to dense connective tissue
Purkinje fibers (deep)
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4
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle (myocytes)
In loose connective tissue
Arterioles, capillaries, lymphatics

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5
Q

Epicardium

A

Fibroelastic connective tissue
Coronary arteries with vasa vasorum, coronary veins
Fat
Mesothelium

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6
Q

Which layer is most prominent in the atria?

A

Endocardium

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7
Q

Which later is fat found?

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Strong, quick, discontinuous, voluntary contraction

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9
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Strong, quick, continuous, involuntary contraction

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10
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Weak, slow, involuntary contraction

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11
Q

Intercalated discs (in myocytes)

A

Join cells, help synchronize myocyte contraction by allowing electrical coupling with relatively unrestricted ionic passage across the membranes of adjoining cells

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12
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Is specialized striated muscle. Has more mitochondria (25-35% of cell) than skeletal muscle (3-5%) and is very dependent on aerobic metabolism

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13
Q

Cardiac hypertrophy

A

Increase myocyte diameter leads to wall thickening.

Increase myocyte lengthening from series sarcomere addition -> chamber dilation

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14
Q

Papillary Muscles

A

Finger like projections from the inner surface of the heart connecting to chordae tendinae

Parallel myocytes and capillaries from the core

Covered by endocardium on the surface

Has been used by animal physiologists to study cardiac muscle function in vitro

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15
Q

Epicardium has a layer of __________ cells on the outer surface of the heart with underlying connective tissue

A

Mesothelial cells

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16
Q

Blood vessels and nerves which supply the heart are present in the ____________

17
Q

The epicardium is largely composed of ______________ which acts as cushion to the pericardial cavity

A

Adipose tissue

18
Q

AV valves are also called ______

A

Mitral (left)

Tricuspid (right)

19
Q

Aortic and pulmonary values are also called

20
Q

Area between valves is called ________

21
Q

You find dense, fibrous connective tissue surrounding the 4 major valves, in the trigone, and in the __________

A

Interventricular septum

22
Q

What lines valves?

A

Simple squamous epithelium on both sides with dense connective tissue core

23
Q

Chordae tendinar

A

Dense connective tissue core covered by endothelium

24
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A

Electrical impulses generated at the SA node, group of specialized cardiac muscle cells present near the junction of superior vena cava and right atrium

“Pacemaker” of the heart 60-100 bpm

25
The impulse which the SA node initiates spreads along the cardiac muscle fibers of the atria and along _____________ made of modified cardiac muscle fibers
Intermodal tracts
26
Once picked up at the AV node, it is conducted across the fibrous skeleton to the ventricles by the _____________
Bundle of His
27
The bundle of HIS divides into right and left bundle branches and then into subendothelial branches called _____________
Purkinje fibers
28
Modified cardiac muscle cells specialized to conduct impulses
Nodal cells, AV bundle, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
29
The cells in the SA and AV nodes are ________ than normal working myocytes
Smaller
30
Purkinje fivers, AV bundle and the bundle branches are ___________ than normal myocytes
Larger
31
Conduction cells have....
Fever my off rails, few to no T tubules, and are rich in glycogen The parts of the cardiac conduction system convey the impulse about 4x faster than regular cardiac muscle fibers