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BIO 240 Anatomy and Physiology I > Ch 6 Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Ch 6 Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two sections of the adult skeleton pictured below?

A

White section - AXIAL SKELETON

Yellow section - APPENDICULAR SKELETON

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2
Q

How many bones are in the cranial region? The facial region?

A

Cranial - 8

Facial - 14

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3
Q

What are the names of the bones featured in the frontal view of the skull below?

A
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4
Q

What are the names of the cranial bones?

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Parietal bone (2)
  3. Temporal bone (2)
  4. Occipital bone
  5. Ethmoid bone
  6. Sphenoid bone
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5
Q

What are the names of the bones featured in the lateral image of the skull attached?

A
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6
Q

What are the names of the bones in the posterior view of the skull attahed?

A
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7
Q

What are the names of the bones in the inferior view of the skull attached?

A
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8
Q

What is a foramen?

A

a hole

-like the one in the inferior view of the skull where the spinal cord enters

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9
Q

What is a Condyle?

A

Articulation point between two bones

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10
Q

What is a process?

A

Any protrusion coming from bone

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11
Q

What are the names of the bones in the median view of the skull attached?

A
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12
Q

What is another name for the Ethmoid bone? What is this bone shaped like and why?

A

Cribiform bone

Many holes in it like a sieve to allow olfactory nerves through

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13
Q

What is the small depression in the center of the Sphenoid bone called? What is its significance?

A

Sella Tursica

Pituitary gland sits in it and is protected

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14
Q

What are the names of the bones in the floor view of the skull attached?

A
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15
Q

What are the names of the suture bones and how many are there of each type?

A

Coronal (1)

Sagittal (1)

Lamboidal (2)

Squamosal (2)

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16
Q

What are the names of the Fontanels and how many are there of each type?

A

Anterior (frontal) (1)

Posterior (occipital) (1)

Anteriorolateral (sphenoidal) (2)

Posterolateral (mastoidal) (2)

17
Q

What is significant about the hyoid bone?

A

Only bone in the body that doesn’t articulate with any other bone

  • anchor for swallowing muscles to attach to
  • right above the larynx
18
Q

Name the parts of the typical vertebra pictured.

A
19
Q

What are processes for?

A

Attachment point for muscles

20
Q

What part of the vertebra articulates with ribs?

A

Costal facet

21
Q

What forms the vertebral foramina?

A

Each vertebral foramen stacks on the other to form the spinal column

22
Q

What is the intervertebral foramina and how is it formed?

A

Each vertebral notch, superior and inferior, stacks to form a intervertebral notch

This allows nerves from the spinal chord to run out and into the peripheral nervous system

23
Q

How many vertebrae are there? How many of each type?

A

There are 26 vertebrae

  • 7 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 1 sacrum, 4-5 fused
  • 1 coccyx, 3-4 fused
24
Q

What differentiates the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae?

A

Cervical Vertebra

-Only with transverse foramina for vertebral artery

Thoracic Vertebra

-Costal facets

Lumbar Vertebra

  • Much more robust to bear more weight
  • Less mobility
25
Q

Where are intervertebral discs located? What is their funtion? What are the components of an intervertebral disc?

A

Located in between vertebrae

Functions like a jelly donut to resist compression and absorb shock

Composed of:

  • Anulus Fibrosus: made of fibrocartilage (dense connective tissue +hyaline cartilage) allows movement w/o separation
  • Nucleus Pulposus: made of cartilage to retain water
26
Q

What is the difference between a bulging disc and a herniated disc?

A

Bulging disc is from so much compression that the anulus+nucleus begins squeezing out

Whereas a herniated disc is where the disc fluid begins leaking out

27
Q

What parts of the vertebrae have a primary curve or secondary curve? What function does the curvature of the vertebrae serve?

A

Primary curve

  • thoracic
  • sacral

Secondary curve

  • cervical
  • lumbar

The curvature acts as a spring to dissipate forces to the muscles attached

-distributes weight

28
Q

What are the components of the thoracic cage pictured?

A
29
Q

What part of the vertebrae is part of the thoracic cage?

A

The vertebrae has costal facets for ribs

30
Q

What are the functions of the thoracic cage?

A

Protection of organs

Expansion to allow breathing

31
Q

How many ribs are there? What are the types of ribs and what is their distribution?

A

12 Ribs total

True Ribs 1-7

False Ribs 8-12

Floating Ribs 11-12

32
Q

Where are the attachment points for ribs?

A

Vertebral attachment points are the costal facets

Sternal attachment points are the costal cartilage

BIO 240 Anatomy and Physiology I (19 decks)

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