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A&P 1 > Chapter 3: Solutions and on > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Solutions and on Flashcards

1
Q

Substance into which another substance is dissolved generally a fluid

A

Solvent

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2
Q

Substance which is dissolved into another generally solids and gases

A

Solute

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3
Q

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration

A

Passive(physical) Processes

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4
Q

Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Transcytosis

A

Active(physiological) Processes

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5
Q

No energy needed no ATP required
Down a concentration gradient from high to low concentration
Facilitated diffusion requires use of protein carrier/transport molecules

A

Passive transport

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6
Q

Requires the use of energy in the form of ATP
Against a gradient from low to high concentration
Some types require the use of protein Carrier/transport molecules

A

Active transport

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7
Q

What are the 5 factors that influence diffusion rates

A 
Distance
Molecule size
Temperature
Gradient size
Electrical forces
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8
Q

What is diffusion across a membrane with the help of the channel or carrier molecule

A

facilitated Diffusion

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9
Q

What is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration

A

Osmosis

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10
Q

Water moves towards a ____________ concentration of solutes

A

Higher

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11
Q

Total solute concentration in an aqueous solution

A

Osmolarity

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12
Q

Effect of osmosis solutions on cell volume

A

Tonicity

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13
Q

The pressure exerted by the flow of water through a semi permeable membrane separating two solutions with a different concentrations of solute

A

Osmotic pressure

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14
Q

Osmotic Pressure ____________ as the concentration of non-permeable solutes ____________

A

Increases

Increases

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15
Q

Same osmotic pressure

A

Isotonic

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16
Q

Higher osmotic pressure

A

Hypertonic

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17
Q

Lower osmotic pressure

A

Hypotonic

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18
Q

Smaller molecules are forced through porous membrane’s
Hydrostatic pressure important in the body
Example molecules leaving blood capillaries

A

Filtration

19
Q

Substances move up there concentration gradient through phospholipid Byler

A

Active transport

20
Q

Cell engulfs substance by forming vesicle around substance

A

Endocytosis

21
Q

What are the three types of endocytosis and what do they mean

A

Pinocytosis – substance is mostly water
Phagocytosis – substance is a solid
Receptor mediated endocytosis – requires the substance to bind to a membrane bound receptor

22
Q

Substances in a vesicle fuse with cell membrane
Contents released outside the cell
Example release of neurotransmitter from nerve cells

A

Exocytosis

23
Q

Sequence of nucleotides

A

Genetic code

24
Q

Three nucleotides specify single amino acid

A

Condon

25
Q

Functional unit of heredity
All the DNA nucleotides need to produce a specific protein
Size varies( 300-3000 nucleotides)

A

Gene

26
Q

Steps of protein synthesis

A

Given strand of DNA is a nucleus
Transcription
Translation
Repeats until you get a protein

27
Q

mRNA Does from ribosome to nucleus to make complementary copy

A

Transcription

28
Q

Back at ribosome tRNA Via anti-codons converts mRNA into amino acid sequence

A

Translation

29
Q

Series of changes a cell undergoes from the time it forms until the time it divides

A

Cell cycle

30
Q

Stages of the cell cycle

A

Interphase
mitosis
cytoplasmic division

31
Q

Very active period
Cell grows and maintains routine functions
Cell replicates genetic material preparing for nuclear division
Cell synthesizes new organelles preparing for cytoplasmic division
Phases G & S

A

Interphase

32
Q

So gross and synthesize the structures other than DNA

A

G phases

33
Q

Cell replicates DNA

A

S phase

34
Q

Produces two daughter cells from Anna original somatic cell
Nucleus divides –karyokinesis
Cytoplasm divides – cytokinesis
Undergoes four stages called prophase metaphase anaphase and telophase

A

Mitosis

35
Q

Chromosomes form being becoming visible: envelope disappears

A

Prophase

36
Q

Chromosomes align slightly midway between centrioles

A

Metaphase

37
Q

Chromosomes separate and move to centrioles

A

Anaphase

38
Q

Chromatin reforms; nuclear envelope forms

A

Telophase

39
Q

Permanent DNA sequence changes

A

Mutations

40
Q

Remain in original tissue

A

Benign

41
Q

Accelerated growth due to blood vessel growth and supply to the area

A

Malignant

42
Q

Cells migrating to nearby tissues

A

Invasion

43
Q

Formation of secondary tumor’s

A

Metastasis

A&P 1 (17 decks)

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