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A&P 1 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of muscle

A

Irritability: reacts to stimulus
Contractility
Extensibility: relaxation
Elasticity: stretching of muscle

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2
Q

Attach muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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3
Q

Tendon sheets

A

Aponeurosis

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4
Q

Surrounding entire muscle; separates muscle from surrounding tissue and organs

A

Epimysium

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5
Q

Divides muscle into compartments or bundles of cells called fascicles

A

Perimysium

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6
Q

Surrounds individual muscle cells or fibers

A

Endomysium

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7
Q

Fuse forming multinucleated cells and develop into skeletal muscle fibers

A

Myoblasts

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8
Q

How many micrometers are in a millimeter

A

1000

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9
Q

Fleshy part of the skeletal muscle cell membrane of the muscle

A

Sarcolemma

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10
Q

Fluid and cell organelles

A

Sarcoplasm

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11
Q

Highly specialized endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Create direct route for faster muscle contraction

A

T tubules

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13
Q

Made up of actin and myosin

A

Sarcomere

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14
Q

Z lines have what

A

Anchoring proteins

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15
Q

Where actin and myosin overlap

A

A band also called dark band

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16
Q

Light band

A

I band

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17
Q

Covers binding sites on Actin

A

Tropomyosin

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18
Q

Uncovers binding sites on Actin

A

Troponin

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19
Q

Muscle that is not stimulated by nerve is what

A

Paralyzed

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20
Q

What filament is thin and what filament is thick

A

Actin myosin

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21
Q

How many Neuromuscular junction’s are in one muscle fiber

A

One

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22
Q

What part of the neuromuscular junction generates action potential

A

Sarcolemma

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23
Q

What neurotransmitter causes calcium to be released

A

Acetylcholine

24
Q

What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine

A

Acetylcholinerase

25
Q

Single stimulus contraction relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber

A

Twitch

26
Q

Graph of tension development in muscle fibers

A

Myograms

27
Q

Action potential sweeps across sarcolemma
SR releases calcium ions
Contraction cycle has not beguny

A

Latent period

28
Q

Tension rises to Peak

Calcium binds to troponin allowing cross bridge formation between myosin head and active site on Actin

A

Contraction phase

29
Q

Calcium level falls
Active sites covered by Tropomyosin
Number of cross bridges decline with detachment

A

Relaxation phase

30
Q

Muscle fiber controlled by one motor neuron

A

Motor unit

31
Q

Size of the motor unit varies with what

A

Muscle control

32
Q

Muscle fibers of different motor units are what

A

Intermingled

33
Q

Movement begins with the smallest motor units

As the movement continues more and larger motor units are stimulated to contribute producing great attention

A

Recruitment

34
Q

Muscle length changes then remains constant

A

Isotonic contraction

35
Q

Muscle shortens

A

Concentric contraction

36
Q

Muscle lengthens

A

Eccentric contraction

37
Q

Muscle length does not change

A

Isometric contraction

38
Q

Occurs in the cytoplasm and produces little ATP

A

Glycolysis

39
Q 
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain
Occurs in the mitochondria
Produces the most ATP
Myoglobin Stores extra oxygen
A

Aerobic phase

40
Q

Stores energy that quickly converts to ADP to ATP

A

Creatine Phosphate

41
Q

The amount of oxygen needed by liver cells to use the accumulated lactic acid To produce glucose

A

Oxygen debt

42
Q

Lacks troponin instead uses calmodulin
Uses two neurotransmitters
Stretching can trigger a muscle contraction
Slower to contract and relax
More resistant to fatigue
Can change link without changing tautness
Some are self exciting or rhythmic

A

The differences between smooth muscle from Skeletal muscle

43
Q

What are cardiac muscle fibers join together by

A

Intercalated discs

44
Q

Increase in muscle size do to increase in myofilaments, myofribril size, and mitochondria
More glycogen and glycolic enzymes

A

Hypertropy

45
Q

Decrease in muscle size

A

Atrophy

46
Q

Virus attacks motor neurons of brain and spinal cord causing paralysis

A

Polio

47
Q

Tocsin from bacteria that suppresses the mechanism inhibiting motor neuron activity
Drive in low oxygen areas like deep puncture tissues
Results and sustained Powerball contractions of affected muscle

A

Tetanus

48
Q

Tocsin from bacteria that blocks acetylcholine release at Neuromuscular junctions

A

Botulism

49
Q

Loss of acetylcholine receptors at the Neuromuscular junctions
Results and progressive weakness

A

Myasthenia gravis

50
Q

Tetanic Contraction of all skeletal muscle post Mortem

A

Rigor mortis

51
Q

Immovable end

A

Origin

52
Q

Movable end

A

Insertion

53
Q

Primarily responsible for movement

A

Primary mover or agonist

54
Q

Assist primary mover

A

Synergist

55
Q

Resist primary movers action and cause movement in the Opposite direction

A

Antagonist

56
Q

Varied collection of inherited diseases that produce progressive muscle weakness and deterioration

A

Muscular dystrophies

57
Q

Disease of muscle tissue

A

Myopathy

A&P 1 (17 decks)

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