EQ1 - 4.2

Question 1

Compare the weathering that is found in the uplands and lowlands

Answer 1

In the uplands, freeze-thaw weathering occurs.
Winter temperatures are freezing at night and warmer at day.
Rain water goes into rock cracks and freezes at night, expanding by 9% and thaws at day, contracting. This eventually breaks the rock
In the lowlands, biological weathering occurs
Plant roots exert pressure on the rock which creates larger cracks. This eventually breaks down the structure of the rock after continuous cycles

Question 2

Explain 2 ways humans have affected the uplands landscape

Answer 2

Sheep farming allows sheep to graze the vegetation which prevents shrubs and trees from growing. Because of this, flooding is increased as surface run-off is slowed down

Afforestation occurs as there is economic value from planting trees on a commercial basis

Question 3

Explain 2 ways humans have affected the lowlands landscape

Answer 3

Arable farming occurs as the land in the lowlands is flat and very fertile

Irrigation channels have been built that are the main waterways that bring irrigation water from a water source to the areas to be irragated

Question 4

Compare the soil/rock movement processes in the uplands and lowlands

Answer 4

In the uplands, rockslides and landslides occur due to scree (angular rock pieces) which are unstable. When it rains, water adds more weight onto the rocks, making it slide easily
In the lowlands, soils such as sandstone and clay can absorb large amounts of moisture and become saturated. The soil slowly moves down the slope

Question 5

Compare misfit rivers and dry valleys (location, characteristics, formation)

Answer 5

After glaciers erode and create U-shaped valleys, rivers flow that are too small to have eroded the valley - misfit streams. They deposit alluvium which produces fertile soil.

During glacial periods, water that entered the permeable chalk froze, making it impermeable. When snow melted, it could not infiltrate into the chalk and instead ran over the surface, eroding the valleys. Now, since it is warmer, the ice melts and runs underground through the chalk and the rivers can not be seen

Question 6

Explain how glaciers have affected both landscapes

Answer 6

In the uplands, glacial erosion has created huge, wide and deep U-shaped valleys, tall mountains, misfit streams and arêtes.

In the lowlands, glaciers from the uplands carry sediment and transport it down to the lowlands where it is deposited, making lowland areas much more fertile for farming

Question 7

Compare which landscape (up/low) have been affected more by humans

Answer 7

The uplands have been grazed by sheep, which prevent shrubs and vegetation from growing. Tree growth is prevented and flooding is increased.
Afforestation generates economic value.
Longhouse (barns and houses attached) have been built so farmers lived near their animals (sheepfolds), leading into a dispersed settlement pattern of isolated settlements - not villages

In the lowlands, since the soil is very fertile, arable crop farming occurs