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BMSC 240 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

spectrophotometry

A

measurement of transparency at a particular wavelength or a series of wavelengths

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2
Q

absorption spectra

A

can identify compounds

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3
Q

absorption amount

A

at right wavelength can quantify compounds

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4
Q

pairs

A

di-

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5
Q

clusters

A

staph-/staphylo-

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6
Q

chains

A

strepto

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7
Q

groupings are related to…

A

plane of cell division

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8
Q

plsmid

A

tiny ring of DNA

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9
Q

capsule slime layer

A

may or may not be present

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10
Q

gram negative

A

cells as pink

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11
Q

gram positive

A

cells are Purple

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12
Q

bacterial cell wall structure

A

threads of repeating carbs (NAG-NAM) glued together with proteins

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13
Q

peptidoglycan

A

sugars and protein compound

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14
Q

what determines if a cell wall is gram pos or gram neg?

A

amount of peptidoglycan

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15
Q

What makes cell wall durable?

A

cross-linking

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16
Q

penicillin works by…

A

blocking cross-linking by transpeptidases

17
Q

describe gram positive cells

A
  • multiple layers of peptidoglycan

- teichoic acids keep layers together and increase (-) charge of cell wall

18
Q

describe gram negative cells

A
  • single layer of peptidoglycan (1/10th of gram pos)

- a second phospholipid membrane outside the peptidoglycan

19
Q

second phospholipid membrane of gram neg help….

A

repel some immune factors, block entry of antibiotics and can contain toxic compounds

20
Q

types of bacterial staining

A
  • gram stain
  • acid fast stain
  • negative stain
  • flagella stain
  • endospore stain
21
Q

bacterial smears

A
  • usually first step in staining
  • mix colony with drop of water on slide
  • allow to dry
  • heat fix
22
Q

gram stain process

A
  • crystal violet
  • rinse
  • iodine
  • rinse
  • alcohol
  • rinse
  • safranin
23
Q

during alcohol wash….

A

gram neg cells are stripped of the purple (outer membrane)

24
Q

acid fast stain

A
  • waxy cell walls repel gram stain
  • primary dye carbol-fuschin has high affinity for waxy mycelia acids
  • acid-alcohol removes dye from most cells
  • counterstain with methylene blue
25
Q

glycocalyx

A
  • outside cell wall
  • increase pathogenicity
  • sugars and proteins
  • can allow attachment to surface by production of biofilm
26
Q

capsule

A

neatly organized glycocalyx

27
Q

slime layer

A

unorganized and loose glycocalyx

28
Q

negative stain

A
  • allows visualization of glycocalyx
  • nigrosin or congo red acidic dyes
  • thin film prep
  • cells are not fixed
  • additional staining needed to visualize bacteria (CV)
29
Q

flagella

A
  • used for motility

- visualization under light microscope requires thickening of flagellum

30
Q

monotrichous

A

one flagella

31
Q

amphitrichous

A

both sides flagella

32
Q

lophotrichous

A

more than two flagella

33
Q

peritrichous

A

flagella everywhere

BMSC 240 (19 decks)

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