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DIET 200 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

excessive water ingestion within a few hours (10 to 20 liters) within a few hours dilutes the sodium concentration of the blood and contributes to a danger condition known as

A

hyponatremia

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2
Q

what is central to the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure; homeostasis of bodily fluids

A

kidneys

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3
Q

to control the movement of water, the cells direct the movement of the major minerals

A

sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and sulfur

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4
Q

the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used

A

bioavailability

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5
Q

the american heart association goal is to lower blood pressure by reducing sodium intake to

A

less than 1500 milligrams a day

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6
Q

DASH diet - what does it stand for

A

dietary approaches to stop hypertension

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7
Q

what is dash diet effective in

A

lowering blood pressure

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8
Q

only 1 percent of calcium goes to

A

body fluids

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9
Q

other 99 percent of calcium goes to

A

bones and teeth

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10
Q

what does calcium do in bones

A

provides rigid framework that holds the body upright

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11
Q

what other things calcium does

A

maintain blood pressure, blood clotting, muscle contraction and relaxation, nerve functioning

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12
Q

calcium role

A

serves as calcium bank, offering a readily available source of calcium to body fluids should a drop in blood calcium occur

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13
Q

when there is low blood calcium, what stimulates CALCIUM reabsorption from kidneys into blood

A

vitamin D

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14
Q

what does vitamin D do in intestines associated with low blood calcium- to try to up calcium

A

enhances calcium absorption in intestines

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15
Q

what does vit D do in bones to help raise blood calcium

A

stimulates osteoclast cells to break down bone, releasing calcium into blood

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16
Q

vitamin D helps to make the what needed for calcium absorption

A

calcium-binding protein

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17
Q

factors that enhance nonheme iron absorption

A

MFP factor, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), acids (citric and lactic), and sugars(fructose)

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18
Q

can serve as a cofactor to enzymes involved in the numerous oxidation-reduction reactions that commonly occur in all cells

A

iron

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19
Q

enzymes involved in making amino acids, collagen, hormones, and neurotransmitters all require

A

iron

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20
Q

forms a part of electron carriers that participate in etc

A

iron

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21
Q

in red blood cells; where iron is found

A

hemoglobin

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22
Q

in muscle cells; where iron is found

A

myoglobin

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23
Q

who does iron deficiency affect the most

A

toddlers, adolescent girls, and women of childbearing age

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24
Q

the craving and consumption of ice, chalk, starch , and other nonfood substances; iron deficiency

A

pica

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25
what is the worlds major source of iodine
the ocean
26
other sources of iodine
kelp, seafood, water, sea mist, salt that is iodized
27
eating as few a day as what improves selenium status
2 brazil nuts
28
what is a disease of copper deficiency
menkes disease
29
what is a disease of copper toxicity
wilson's disease
30
the intestinal cells absorb copper, but cannot release it into circulation causing life threatening deficiency
menkes disease
31
copper accumulates in the liver and brain, creating a life-threatening toxicity
wilson's disease
32
most of manganese can be found in the bones and metabolically active organs such as the
liver kidney and pancreas
33
present in virtually all soils, water supplies, plants, and animals; drinking water(if fluoridated), tea, seafood
fluoride
34
to gain muscle tissue, protein synthesis must be greater than degradation called
hypertrophy
35
becoming smaller; with regard to muscles, a decrease in size and strength because of disuse, undernutrition, or wasting disease; when protein degradation if greater than synthesis
atrophy
36
the ability of muscles to work against resistance
muscle strength
37
strength example exercises
pull-ups, pushups situps weightlifting pilates
38
flexibility example exercises
yoga
39
aerobic training example excersises
running, dancing, swimming, inline skating, power walking, etc
40
the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly without becoming exhausted
muscle endurance
41
the maximum rate of oxygen composition by an individual at sea level
VO2 max
42
combine high resistance(heavy weight) with a low number of reps (8-12)
muscle strength
43
combine moderate resistance (light to medium weight) with high velocity (as fast as safely possible)
muscle power
44
combine less resistance (lighter weight) with more reps (15-20)
muscle endurance
45
phosphagen system (creatine phosphate) fuel source
ATP-CP immediate availability 10 secs
46
activity example for phosphagen system
100 meter dash
47
fuel source for lactic acid system
ATP from carbohydrate (anaerobic glycolysis)
48
activity example for lactic acid
400 meter run, 100 meter swim, gymnastics
49
aerobic system of high intensity fuel source
ATP from carbs (glycolysis and TCA cycle)
50
aerobic system of moderate intensity fuel source
ATP from fat (fatty acid oxidation and TCA cycle)
51
activity example of aerobic high intensity
cycling, running
52
activity example of aerobic moderate intensity
hiking
53
training the muscles to store as much glycogen as they can beyond normal capacity, while supplying the dietary glucose to enable them to do so
carbohydrate loading
54
a potent antioxidant that vigorously defends cell membranes against the oxidative damage of free radicals
vitamin E
55
a transient condition of low hemoglobin in the blood associated with the early stages of sports training or other strenuous activity
sports anemia
56
the red blood cells do not diminish in size or number as in anemia, so the oxygen carrying capacity is not hindered
sports anemia
57
an adaptive temporary response to endurance training; does not require iron supplementation,
sports anemia
58
dehydrations first symptom is
fatigue
59
dehydration fatigue- a water loss of greater than what percent of body weight can reduce a persons capacity to do muscular work
2 percent
60
with a water loss of what percent is a person likely to collapse
7 percent
61
a water loss of of 2 percent in a person weighing 150 pounds is equal to
3 pounds
62
a water loss of 7 percent is equal to
10.5 pounds
63
the body heat builds up and triggers maximum sweating, but without sweat evaporation, little cooling takes place; in a humid environment, sweat does not evaporate well bc the surrounding air is already laden with water
hyperthermia
64
low body temp; below normal
hypothermia
65
should include plenty of fluids and be light and easy to digest
pre game meal
66
should provide between 300 and 800 kcal
pre game meal
67
should include carb-rich food (bread, potatoes, pasta and fruit juices and it should end 3 to 4 hours before competition
pre game meal
68
the organ that develops inside the uterus early in pregnancy, through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen and returns carbon dioxide and other waste products to be excreted; metabolically an active organ
placenta
69
malformations of the brain, spinal cord, or both during embryonic development that often results in lifelong disabilities or death
neural tube defects
70
no brain; the upper end of the neural tube fails to close
anencephaly
71
split brain; incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement; most common neural defects
spina bifida
72
what is weight gain for underweight women (BMI<18.5)
28 to 40 pounds
73
weight gain for health weight women (BMI 18.5-24.9)
25-35 pounds
74
weight gain for overweight women (BMI 25.0-29.9)
15-25 pounds
75
weight gain for obese women (BMI >30)
11 to 20 pounds
76
what can staying active while pregnant do
improves cardiovascular fitness, limit excessive weight gain, prevent or manage gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension, and reduce stress
77
after the first trimester, energy needs of pregnant women are greater than those that are not pregnant an
energy needs while pregnant
78
how many additional kcal in second trimester
340
79
how many additional kcal in third trimester
450
80
low infant birthweight
5 1/2 pounds or less
81
what does WIC stand for
Women, infants and children
82
provides nutrition education and nutritious foods to infants, children to age 5 and pregnant of breast feeding women who qualify financially and have a high risk of medical or nutritious problems
WIC
83
glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy
gestational diabetes
84
alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause the irreversible mental and physical retardation of fetus
fetal alcohol syndrome
85
out of all the leading causes of mental retardation, which is the only that are preventable
FAS
86
to produce adequate supply of milk, a woman needs extra energy almost how many kcal per day above regular need during the first 6 months of lactation
500 kcal
87
to meet the 500 kcal goal, she can eat an extra how many kcal of food each day during the first 6 months of lactation
330 kcal
88
the what can provide the rest of energy for laction
fat reserves from pregnancy
89
most women need at least how many kcal a day to receive all the nutrients required for successful lactation
1800 kcal
90
the recommendation for total water during lactation is
3.8 liters per day (13 cups)
91
what is a supplement that breast feeding moms may need
iron
92
what provides infant formula at no cost
WIC
93
factors that inhibit iron absorption
phytates, vegetable proteins, calcium, polyphenols, dietary factors, individual variation in absorption(health, stage in life cycle, and iron status)
94
guidelines for a healthy pregnancy
good nutrition, healthy weight gain, physical activity, prenatal supplements, avoid harmful substances

DIET 200 (4 decks)

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