Newborn/Infancy Development Flashcards
1
Q
Birth through 1 month of age
A
- Oral stage
- Aware of inanimate vs animate
- Social interaction
- Eye-hand coordination
- Lifts head when prone
- Head lag, can turn head
- Sucking and rooting reflexes
- Gains 5-7 ounces a week
- Trust vs mistrust
- Sense: hearing, taste, smell, vision
2
Q
2-4 months of age
A
- Lifts head 45 degrees when prone, holds head steady by 4 months
- follows moving objects with eyes
- recognizes familiar faces
- vocalizations by 2 months, squeals by 4 months
- smiles, laughs to show pleasure
- drools, chews, bites by 4 months
- 2-3 months- cooing sounds
- Hearing - turns eyes and head towards sounds
- Vision: begins to show interest in hands, recognizes familiar objects, can see full color by 6 months
3
Q
5-8 months of age
A
- first tooth
- sleeps through the night
- weighs 2 x birthweight
- Rolls from back to stomach
- starts to imitate sounds, babbles
- sits well alone by 8 months
- begins to show patterns of regular bladder and bowel elimination
- responds to “no”
- vision: depth perception; both eyes focus
4
Q
9-11 months of age
A
- creeps and crawls; good coordination, sits alone
- responds to adult anger with cries
- drinks from a cup with assistance
- pulls self to standing position
- begins to show fear of going to bed alone
- pincer grasp (thumb and finger)
- sits by falling down
- understands bye bye
- attempts to walk by 11 months
- eruption of lower incisor
- initiates vocalizations 2-3 syllable sounds
- imitates simple words and sounds
- vision: peripheral vision is well developed; judges distances
5
Q
12-15 months of age
A
- Loses Babinski’s sign by 12 months
- weighs triple birthweight by twelve months
- develops ability to shiver by 12 months
- can say mama and dada
- knows their own name
- Can use a spoon
- Drinks from a cup by themselves
- shakes head for no
- tolerates some separation
- has temper tantrums
- walks without help
- follows simple directions
- vision: ability to identify shapes; hand eye coordination
6
Q
16-18 months of age
A
- closed anterior fontanel
- walks up stairs without help
- turns pages of a book
- begins to test limits
- has bowel movements when helped to the potty
- places objects into a hole or slot
- becomes communicative
7
Q
Nutrition
A
- first 6 months: 125-150 kg for fluids a day, decreased to 120-135 kg per day in second 6 months
- Vitamin D supplements for breastfeeding babies
- breastfeeding most important for the first 6 months
- AAP and American dietetic association: breast feed for 12 months
- WHO and Unicef: 2-3 years
8
Q
Breastfeeding
A
- Healthy people 2020 - increase breastfeeding to 81.9% of infants as goal
- WHO recommends: have a lactation program at the birthing hospital; encourage breastfeeding 30 minutes after birth; encourage breastfeeding on demand
9
Q
Solid food
A
Being at 4-6 months when infant is dev ready (aap recommends 6 months to decrease change of allergies)
- introduced food in the following order: cereals, veggies/fruit, strained meats
- do not give honey until after 12 months of age
- let infant start to use a cup at 5-6 months
10
Q
Eliminaton
A
-stool, urine
11
Q
The period of Purple Crying
A
P: beings at 2 weeks - continues 3-4 months
U: unexpected crying can come and go, you don’t know why
R: resists soothing, no matter what you try
P: pain like face- even when the infant is not in pain
L: long lasting crying as much as 5 hours a day, or more
E: evening crying may be prevalent
12
Q
Sleep
A
- Nocturnal sleep patterns by 3-4 months
- 4 months: sleeps 9-11 hours at night, 2 naps during the day (14-15 hours total)
- 12 months: sleeps through the night, 1-2 naps during day
13
Q
SIDS
A
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- one of the leading causes of infant mortality prior to 12 months
- 4th leading cause of infant death in US and leading cause in infants 28-364 days of age
- Safe to sleep program
- Healthy people 2020 goal: reduce SIDS to .5 infant deaths/1000 live births
- African american and American Indian/Alaska Native infants are at higher risk
14
Q
Etiology of SIDS
A
UNEXPLAINED
- positioning - side lying or prone
- preterm birth
- smoke exposure
- soft bedding
- bed sharing
- overheating
- Not breastfeeding
15
Q
Immunizations
A
Hep B, DTap, Varicella, Hib Hib (meningitis), PCV, IPV, MMR, RV
