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PSYCO 105 > MIDTERM II CHAPTER 13 > Flashcards

MIDTERM II CHAPTER 13 Flashcards

1
Q

An increased tendency to perform one’s dominant response in the mere presence of others

A

Social facilitation

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2
Q

Shared expectations about how people should think or feel or behave. The cement that binds social systems together

A

Social norms

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3
Q

Set of norms that characterizes how people in a give social position ought to behave

A

Social role

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4
Q

We follow the behaviour of other people because we believe they have the accurate knowledge and what they are doing is “right”

A

Informational social influence

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5
Q

Conforming to obtain rewards that come from being accepted by other people, while at the same time avoiding rejections

A

Normative Social influence

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6
Q

Involves the expectation that when others treat us well, there is pressure to respond in kind

A

Norm of reciprocity

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7
Q

A persuasion technique in which a persuader makes a large request, expecting you to reject it then offer a smaller request

A

Door-in-the-face technique

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8
Q

A persuader gets you to comply with a small request and later presents a larger request

A

Foot-in-the-door technique

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9
Q

A persuader gets you to commit to some action and then before you actually perform this action, the “cost” of the behaviour increases

A

Lowballing

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10
Q

Loss of individuality that leads to disinhibited behaviour

A

Deindividuation

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11
Q

The tendency for people to expend less individual effort when working in group than working alone

A

Social loafing

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12
Q

Happens when a group of like-minded individuals discusses an issue, whether face-to-face or through email, the “average” opinion of group members tend to be more extreme

A

Group polarization

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13
Q

The tendency for group members to suspend critical thinking because they are striving to seek agreement

A

Groupthink

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14
Q

Craig Hell (1987) suggests that we affiliate based on four basic reasons:

A

1) obtain positive stimulation
2) receive emotional support
3) gain attention
4) permit social comparison

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15
Q

Involves comparing our beliefs feelings, and behaviours with those of other people

A

Social comparison

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16
Q

Repeated exposure to stimuli typically increases our liking for it

A

Mere exposure effect

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17
Q

Dating a partner or spouse whose level of physical attractiveness is similar to our own

A

Matching effect

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18
Q

Proposes that the course of a relationship is governed rewards and costs that the partner experience

A

Social exchange theory

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19
Q

Involves intense emotion, arousal, and yearning for a partner

A

Passionate love

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20
Q

Involves affection, deep caring about the partner’s well-being, and a commitment to “being there”

A

Companionate love

21
Q

Three components of the triangular theory of love

A

Intimacy (closeness)
Commitment (decision to remain in a relationship)
Passion (feelings of romance, physical attraction, and sexual desire)

22
Q

According to this model, the passionate component of love has interacting cognitive and physiological components. Emotional arousal actually caused by some other factor may sometimes be interpreted as love.

A

Cognitive-arousal model of love

23
Q

Arousal due to one source is perceived (“misattributed”) as being due to another source

A

Transfer of excitation

24
Q

Part of the brain that is triggered when you think of the person you love

A

Ventral tegmental area

25
Q

Negative attitude toward people based on their membership of a group

A

Prejudice

26
Q

Overt behaviour which involves unfair treatment

A

Discrimination

27
Q

States that competition for limited resources foster prejudice

A

Realistic conflict theory

28
Q

States that prejudice stems from need to enhance our self esteem

A

Social identity theory

29
Q

Concept that proposes that sterotypes create a fear and self-consciousness among stereotyped group member that they will live up to others stereotypes

A

Stereotype threat

30
Q

Best known approach to prejudice reduction are based on a principle called:

A

Equal status contact

31
Q

Equal status contact states that prejudice between people is most likely reduced when they:

A

1) engage in sustained close contact
2) have equal status
3) work to achieve a common goal that requires cooperation
4) supported by broader social norms

32
Q

Two social norms that are especially relevant to helping behaviour

A

Norm of reciprocity

Norm of responsibility

33
Q

States that altruism does not exist and is produced by empathy or the ability to put oneself in the place of another and to share what the other is feeling

A

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

34
Q

Proposes that high empathy causes us to feel distress when we learn of others’ suffering, so by helping others we reduce our own personal distress (not altruistic

A

Negative state relief model

35
Q

The presence of multiple bystanders inhibits each person’s tendency to help, largely because of social comparison or diffusion of responsibilty

A

Bystander effect

36
Q

Three prominent factors which determines the tendency of a person to receive help

A

Similarity
Gender
Perceived resposibility

37
Q

The belief that the world is a just place

A

Just world hypothesis

38
Q

Represent any form of behaviour that is intended to harm another person

A

Aggression

39
Q

States that frustration inevitably leads to aggression and all aggression is the result of frustration

A

Frustration- aggression hypothesis

40
Q

Principle which states that performing an act of aggression discharges aggressive energy and temporarily reduce our impulse to aggress

A

Principle of catharsis

41
Q

Beliefs about whether others are likely to approve of a course of action

A

Subjective norms

42
Q

Occurs usually without conscious awareness, when people’s erroneous expectations lead them to act towards others in a way that brings about the expected behaviour

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

43
Q

Positive or negative evaluative reaction toward a stimulus

A

Attitude

44
Q

Predicts that to reduce dissonance and restore a state of cognitive consistency, people will change one of their cognitions or add new cognitions

A

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

45
Q

Says that we form attitudes from our behaviour (modification of actions lead to people believing their behaviour

A

Self-perception theory

46
Q

One route to persuasion which occurs when people think carefully about the message and are influenced because they find the arguments compelling

A

Central route

47
Q

Route to persuasion where people primarily attends to superficial aspects of the message

A

Peropheral route

48
Q

Peripheral route cutes includes:

A

Attractiveness
Similarity
Expertise

PSYCO 105 (6 decks)

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