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PSYCO 105 > FINALS CHAPTER 16 > Flashcards

FINALS CHAPTER 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviour that is personally distressing, personally dysfunctional, and/or culturally deviant that other people judge it to be inappropriate/maladaptive

A

Abnormal behaviour

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2
Q

A disorder characterized in its advanced stages by mental deterioration caused by the sexually transmitted disease syphilis

A

General paresis

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3
Q

States that each of us has some degree of vulnerability for developing psychological disorder, given sufficient stress

A

Vulnerability-stress model

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4
Q

Clinicians using the system should show high levels of agreement in their diagnostic decisions

A

Reliability

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5
Q

Diagnostic categories should accurately capture the essential features of the various disorders

A

Validity

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6
Q

Categorical system in which people were placed within a specific diagnostic categories

A

DSM-IV

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7
Q

Dimensional system in which relevant behaviours are rated along a severity measure

A

DSM-V

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8
Q

Refers to the defendant’s state of mind at the time of a judicial hearing (not the time the crime was committed)

A

Competency

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9
Q

Relates to the presumed state of mind of the defendant at the time the crime was committed

A

Insanity

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10
Q

Frequency and intensity of anxiety responses are out of proportion to the situation that trigger them and the anxiety interferes with daily life

A

Anxiety disorders

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11
Q

Components of anxiety responses

A

Subjective-emotional
Cognitive
Physiological
Behavioural

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12
Q

Anxiety response component including feelings of tension and apprehension

A

Subjective-emotional

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13
Q

Anxiety response component including subjective feelings of apprehension, asense of impending danger, and a feeling of inability to cope

A

Cognitive

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14
Q

Response in anxiety which including increased heart rate and blood pressure, muscle tension, rapid breathing, nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea and frequent urination

A

Physiological response

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15
Q

Responses such as avoidance of certain situations and impaired task performance

A

Behavioural responses

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16
Q

Strong and irrational fears of certain objects or situations

A

Phobias

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17
Q

A chronic state of diffuse or “free-floating” anxiety that is not attached to specific situations or objects

A

Generalized anxiety and worry disorder

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18
Q

Occur suddenly and unpredictable, and they are much more intense

A

Panic disorders

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19
Q

Explain the two components of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

Cognitive (obsession) = repetitive, and unwelcome thoughts, images or impulses that invade consciousness
Behavioural (compulsion) = repetitive behaviour responses that can be resisted only with great difficulty

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20
Q

Inhibitory transmitter that reduces neural activity in the amygdala and other brain structures that stimulate physiological arousal

A

GABA

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21
Q

According to Freud, this occurs when unacceptable impulses threaten to overwhelm the ego’s defences and explode into action

A

Neurotic anxiety

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22
Q

Social and cultural factors are most prominent in these type of disorder which occur only in certain places

A

Culture-bound disorders

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23
Q

Intense fear of being fat and severely restrict their food intake to the point of self-starvation

A

Anorexia nervosa

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24
Q

People who suffer from this disorder are over concerned with becoming fat but instead of self-starvation, they binge eat and then purge the food (usually by induced vomiting or using laxatives)

A

Bulimia nervosa

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25
Q

Emotion-based disorder which involve depression and mania (excessive excitement)

A

Mood disorder

26
Q

Frequency, intensity and duration of depressive symptoms are out of proportion to person’s life situation, leaving them unable to function effectively in their lives

A

Major depression

27
Q

Less dramatic effect on personal occupation al functioning but is a more chronic and long-lasting form of misery

A

Dysthymia

28
Q

Core feature of depression where in activities thar used to bring them satisfaction and happiness feel dull and flat

A

Negative mood state

29
Q

Depression (which is the dominant state), alternates with periods of mania,a state of highly excited mood and behaviour that is quite the opposite of depression

A

Bipolar disorder

30
Q

Sex difference in bipolar disorder

A

Women are about 2x as likely as men to suffer from bipolar disorder

31
Q

Depressive cognitive triad involves the

A

Word, oneself, future

32
Q

Taking no credit for successes and blaming themselves for failures which maintains depressed people’s low self esteem and their belief that they are worthless

A

Depressive attributional pattern

33
Q

Holds that depression occurs when people expect that bad events will occur and that there os nothing they can do to prevent or cope with them

A

Learned helplessness theory

34
Q

Involve physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a medical pattern but which have no known biological cause and are not produced voluntarily by the person

A

Somatic symptom disorders (Somatoform disorders)

35
Q

People experience intense pain that either is out of proportion to whichever medical condition they have or for which no physical basis can be found

A

Pain disorder

36
Q

Serious neurological symptoms such as paralysis, loss of sensation, or blindness suddenly occur, but recording and brain imaging indicate that sensory and motor pathways in the brain are intact

A

Functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)

37
Q

Involve a breakdown of this normal integration, resulting in significant alterations in memory or identity

A

Dissociative disorders

38
Q

A person responds to a stressful event with the extensive but selective memory loss

A

Dissociative amnesia

39
Q

A person loses all sense of personal identity, gives up his or her customary life, wanders to a new faraway location, and establishes a new identity

A

Dissociative fugue

40
Q

Two or more separate personalities co-exist in the same person. A primary or host personality appears more often than the other (called alter) but each personality has its own integrated set of memories and behaviours

A

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

41
Q

According to this theory, the development of new personalities occurs in response to severe stress

A

Trauma-dissociation theory

42
Q

Psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion and behaviour

A

Schizophrenia

43
Q

False belief that are sustained in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them

A

Delusions

44
Q

False perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality

A

Hallucinations

45
Q

Features positive symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations and disordered speech and thinking

A

Type I schizophrenia

46
Q

Features negative symptoms which is an absence of normal reactions such as lack of emotional expressions, loss of motivation and an absence of normal speech

A

Type II schizophenia

47
Q

States that symptoms of schizophrenia (particularly positive symptoms) are produced by over activity of the dopamine system in areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behaviour and cognitive functioning

A

Dopamine hypothesis

48
Q

A person retreats to an earlier and more secure (even infantile) stage of psychosocial development in the face of overwhelming anxiety

A

Regression

49
Q

Involves high levels of criticism, hostility and overinvolvement

A

Expressed emotion

50
Q

Attributes higher prevalence of schizophrenia to the higher levels of stress that low income people experience, particularly within urban environments

A

Social causation hypothesis

51
Q

As people develop schizophrenia, their personal and occupational functioning deteriorates, so that they drift down the socioeconomic ladder into poverty and migrate low-cost urban environments

A

Social drift hypothesis

52
Q

People exhibit stable ingrained, inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling and behaving

A

Personality disorders

53
Q

Seem to lack conscience; referred to as “moral imbeciles” in the 19th century; exhibit little anxiety or guilt and tend to be impulsive and unable to delay gratification of their needs

A

Antisocial personality disorder

54
Q

Collection of symptoms characterized primarily by serious instability in behaviour, emotion, identity, and interpersonal relationships

A

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

55
Q

Central feature of borderline which is an inability to control negative emotions in response to stressful life events, many of which borderline individuals themselves cause

A

Emotional dysregulation

56
Q

Failure to integrate positive and negative aspects of another’s behaviour into a coherent whole

A

Splitting

57
Q

Disorder may take form of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, or a combination of the two

A

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

58
Q

Long-term disorder characterized by extreme unresponsiveness to others, poor communication skills, highly repetitive and rigid behavioural pattern

A

Autistic spectrum disorder

59
Q

Gradual loss of cognitive abilities that accompanies brain deterioration and interferes with normal functioning. Progressive atrophy or degeneration of brain tissue occur as a result of disease or injury

A

Dementia

60
Q

Leading cause of dementia in the elderly accounting for 60%; caused by the deterioration in the frontal lobes of the brain, including hippocampus

A

Alzheimer’s disease

PSYCO 105 (6 decks)

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