Opioids

Question 1

morphine

Answer 1

agonist at mu receptors, moderate agonist at K receptors, weak agonists at delta receptors

Question 2

pentazocine

Answer 2

agonists at K receptors, partial agonists or antagonists at mu receptors
mild- moderate pain

Question 3

naloxone

Answer 3

antagonist at all types of opioid receptors

Question 4

morphine cause the release of what and can aggravate what

Answer 4

histamine, asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease
can also cause itching of the skin
and skin vasodilation

Question 5

morphine effect on smooth muscle

Answer 5

contract circular smooth muscle

relax longitudinal smooth muscle

Question 6

standard dose of morphine

Answer 6

10 mg SC or IM
IV dosee is 1-5 mg
would need a much higher dose if given orally since 75% of the dose is metabolized on first pass

Question 7

hydromorphone

Answer 7

similar to morphine but more potent

Question 8

oxycodone

Answer 8

cross between morphine and codeine
used orally for moderate - severe pain
oxycontin – sustained release

Question 9

hydrocodone

Answer 9

used orally in combo with acetaminophen for mild-moderate pain and as an antitussive

Question 10

meperidine

Answer 10

"not a good drug"
1/10 potency of morphine
moderate to severe pain 
used in obstetrics 
short acting 1-3 hours; not appropriate for chronic pain bc buildup of active metabolite that can cause seizures

Question 11

heroin

Answer 11

more potent than morphine

lasts 4-6 hours

Question 12

methadone

Answer 12

less euphoric and longer duration of action than heroin
lasts 12-24 hours
used in treating opioid addiction

Question 13

fentanyl

Answer 13

very potent mu agonist
given to supplement surgical anesthesia
can be given with droperidol to induce a state of neuroleptic analgesia

Question 14

talwin Nx

Answer 14

preparation that contains petazocine and naloxone

Question 15

butorphanol

Answer 15

similar to pentazocine

Question 16

Buprenorphine

Answer 16

partial agonist at mu receptors
at very high doses does have mu antagonist activity
used for treatment of opioid addiction
less abuse potential

Question 17

suboxone

Answer 17

combines buprenorphine plus nalaxone
when taken as directed the naloxone does not reach blood level and the bupren can produce its effects
if the user tries to inject the drug to get high, the naloxone will block effects of the buprenorphine and they will not get high

Question 18

tramadol

Answer 18

mild-moderate pain
weak mu agnoist
inhibits the synaptic reuptake of norepi and serotonin
used to treat neurologic nueropathic pain

Question 19

tapentadol

Answer 19

greater mu activity than tramadol
inhibits reuptake of norepi and serotonin
moderate to severe pain
significant abuse potential

Question 20

naloxone

Answer 20

drug of choice for opioid poisoning,
pure opioid antagonist
not effective orally bc of first pass
can precipitate withdrawal in addicts

Question 21

naltrexone

Answer 21

orally effective opioid antagonist

has been used for alcoholics

Question 22

methylnaltrexone

Answer 22

approved for the treatment/prevention of opioid - induced constipation
opioid blocker

Question 23

alvimopan

naloxegol

Answer 23

blocker, used for constipation

Question 24

mechianism of Opoids

Answer 24

inhbit the ca dependent release of NTs like substance P GABA and others

Question 25

what will the pupils do during opoid poisoning

Answer 25

constrict

pin point pupil

Question 26

CV effects from opoids

Answer 26

postural hypotension
cutaneous vasodilation
increased CSF pressure

Question 27

opioid poisoning

Answer 27

CNS depression
depressed depth and rate of respiration
pin point pupils