Study For Test Flashcards
Cell theory
Fundamental concept of biology that states that all living thaings are composed of cells.
Cell membrane
Thin flexible barrier hat surrounds all cells. Regulates what entered and leaves
Nucleus
Structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA
Eukaryotes
Organism whose cells contain a nucleus
Prokaryotes
Without a nucleus
Cytoplasm
In eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside of nucleus. In prokaryotes, all of the cells contents.
Organelle
Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell.
Vacuole
Cell organalle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Lysosomes
Cell organalle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrate, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of he cell.
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell it’s shape and internal organization and is involved in movement.
Centriole
Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division.
Ribosomes
Cell organelle condition of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum.
Internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of he cell membrane are assembled.
Golgi Apparatus
Organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.
CHLOROPLAST
Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
Mitochondrion
Cell organalle that converts th chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Cell wall
Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells.
Lipid bilayer
Flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
Selectively permeable
Property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot also called a semi permeable membrane
What is passive transport?
The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy
What is active transport?
The movement of materials across a concentration difference is known as active transport. active transport requires energy
Diffusion
Process by which particles tend to move from an area where there are more concentrated to an area where there are less concentrated.
Facilitated diffusion
Process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels.
Aquaporin
Water channel protein in a cell.
What is osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Iso tonic
When the concentration of two solutions is the same
Hypertonic
When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solute’s.
Hypotonic
When comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solute is the hypertonic concentration.
Osmotic pressure
Pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane.
Endocytosis
Endocytosis is the process of taking material into the cell by means of enfolding’s, or pockets, of the cell membrane.
Exocytosis
Exocytosis: many cells also release large amounts of material, a process known as endocytosis. During endocytosis, the membrane of the back your surrounding material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell. The removal of water by means of a contractile vacuole is one example of this kind of active transport
Both endocytosis and exocytosis are examples of:
Active transport
If a more concentrated salt solution is on one side of the membrane, and a less concentrated
solution is on the other side, water molecules tend to pass through the membrane from
From the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution
Osmosis is a form of
Facilitated diffusion
