Urinalysis: Urinary Sediment Analysis

Question 1

What is urinary sediment analysis? (3)

Answer 1

1. Performed as part of complete urinalysis procedure
2. Detects abnormalities not seen on gross or biochemical analysis
3. Confirms results of biochemical analysis

Question 2

What would be the ideal urine sample for sediment analysis? (3)

Answer 2

1. fresh sample
2. concentrated urine sample
3. collected by cystocentesis

Question 3

What amount of sediment is normal to see in healthy animals?

Answer 3

a small amount

Question 4

What can cause RBC to be seen in urine sediment? (3)

Answer 4

1. bacterial UTI
2. urolithiasis
3. interstitial cystitis

Question 5

What can cause WBC to be seen in urine sediment? (3)

Answer 5

1. bacterial UTI
2. urolithiasis
3. neoplasia

Question 6

Where are squamous epithelial cells found? (4)

Answer 6

1. distal urethra
2. vulva
3. vagina
4. prepuce

Question 7

Where are transitional epithelial cells found? (4)

Answer 7

1. renal pelvis
2. ureter
3. urinary bladder
4. proximal urethra

Question 8

Where are renal tubular cells found?

Answer 8

in the renal tubule

Question 9

What are the different casts that can be seen in urine? (5)

Answer 9

1. hyaline
2. cellular
3. granular
4. fatty
5. waxy

Question 10

What are casts? (2)

Answer 10

1. Cylindrical structures made of precipitated protein that assume the shape of the renal tubular lumen where they form
2. May be indicative or renal disease

Question 11

What are hyaline casts? (3)

Answer 11

1. consists of precipitated protein
2. 0-2/lpf may be normal
3. least severe cast

Question 12

What are cellular casts? (2)

Answer 12

1. incorporation of WBC, RBC, renal tubular epithelial cells in sediment
2. most likely indicate inflammation in the renal tubule

Question 13

What are granular casts?

Answer 13

degeneration of cellular casts

Question 14

What are fatty casts caused by? (4)

Answer 14

1. fat in urine
2. cats
3. lubricant
4. fat animals

Question 15

What are waxy casts? (3)

Answer 15

1. active degeneration of renal tubules
2. wider than normal (wider renal tubules)
3. most severe casts

Question 16

What are crystals in urine? (2)

Answer 16

1. Form when the constituent minerals are present in the urine
2. Presence in urine may be considered normal or abnormal

Question 17

What determines what type of crystals will form? (3)

Answer 17

1. the concentration of the constituent minerals in the urine
2. the pH of the urine
3. the temperature of the urine

Question 18

When can microorganisms be seen in urine? (4)

Answer 18

1. normal urine is free of microbes
2. contamination from collection
3. bacteria and yeast most often seen (yeast is a contaminant)
4. bacteria present in great numbers with UTI

Question 19

What are some of the miscellaneous things that can be seen in urine sediment? (7)

Answer 19

1. mucous threads
2. spermatozoa
3. fat deposits
4. plant fibers
5. pollen
6. starch granules
7. parasite eggs

Question 20

What parasite can be seen in urine sediment? (2)

Answer 20

1. capillaria plica

2. bladder worm