M5 Flashcards
what are the 5 ways any injection can spread?
- inhalation
- ingestion
- inoculation (direct & direct)
- Mother to Infant (vertical transmission)
- intercourse - STI or STD
Inhalation
respiratory tract
- direct contact: saliva, sneezing, drill aerosol
- indirect: droplets
examples of diseases spread by inhalation?
influenza, chicken pox and measles
what are a couple of precautions against droplets?
gloves, apron, mask, vaccincation
in the fingertips, how many colonies are there?
0-300
how is disease spread by inoculation?
injection
contaminated needles
needle stick accidents
what is the most likely means of transmission to healthcare workers?
direct percutaneous inoculation of infected blood by a sharps injury or by blood splashing onto broken skin or mucous membrane
the risk of transmission is how many times less than by direct inoculation?
ten times
how is disease transferred from mother to infant?
vertical transmission
ingestion?
alimentary canal
water: contamination
food and milk: contaminated during storage
contact infection : poor hygiene
what percentage of patients acquire infection during hospital stay?
6.4%
reasons for drop in HAI
- handwashing
- protective gear
- regular cleaning
- appropriate use of antibiotics
which factors influence disease transmission?
environment - weather
host - age sex genetics
Agent - infectivity, virulence
name an antibacterial defence
Normal Microflora
Ab recognises Ags, what complement factor is important in killing organisms?
C3b allows products to bind that kill bacteria and marks cells for phagocytosis
