Review of heart anatomy

Question 1

Large P wave

Answer 1

Enlarged atria

Question 2

Enlarged R wave

Answer 2

Enlarged ventricles

Question 3

Flat T wave

Answer 3

Ventricles aren’t getting enough O2 (coronary artery disease)

Question 4

Enlarged Q dip

Answer 4

Cardiac infarction (heart attack)

Question 5

Long PQR interval

Answer 5

Scar tissue

Question 6

Long QT

Answer 6

Ventricular damage

Question 7

Tachycardia

Answer 7

rapid heart rate - heart isn’t beating effectively, so has to beat faster to make up. hyperthyroidism, high temperature

Question 8

Bradycardia

Answer 8

Slow heart rate - heart is beating slowly, indicative of buildup of lipids in carotid - tricks baroreceptors into thinking that BP has risen

Question 9

1st degree block

Answer 9

Distance between P and R is lengthened

Question 10

2nd degree block

Answer 10

Multiple P waves -> can lead to A-Fib

Question 11

3rd degree block

Answer 11

Complete block - totally out of sync, can live, but not well. Ventricular conduction system takes over - much slower.

Question 12

Medulla regulation centers (3)

Answer 12

1. Cardioaccceleratory
2. Cardioinhibitory
3. Vasomotor

Question 13

Cardioacceletory and cardioinhibitory affect what?

Answer 13

Cardiac output

Question 14

Vasomotor affects

Answer 14

BP by vasoconstriction/dilation

Question 15

How does vasomotor get input?

Answer 15

Baroreceptors

Question 16

Intrinsic controls (2)

Answer 16

1. Metabolic

2. Myogenic

Question 17

Endothelians

Answer 17

Vasoconstric (part of metabolic intrinsic control)

Question 18

NO

Answer 18

Secreted to vasodilat

Question 19

Conditions for NO release

Answer 19

Low O2, hi K, hi H+