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Psychology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

A

Psychopathology

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2
Q

Refers to mental disorders and behavior patterns that make people unhappy and impair their personal growth

A

Psychopathology

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3
Q

A core feature of psychopathological behavior

A

Maladaptive behavior

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4
Q

Behavior arising from an underlying psychological or biological dysfunction that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment and meet the demands of life

A

Maladaptive behavior

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5
Q

Refers to actions, thoughts, and feelings that are distressing or harmful

A

Abnormal behavior

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6
Q

Any pattern of behavior or psychological functioning that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm themselves or others, or harms their ability to function in daily life

A

Psychological Disorder

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7
Q

Name models used to describe psychological disorders.

A

Supernatural model, Biological model, Psychological models, Sociocultural perspective, and Biopsychosocial perspective

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8
Q

Give an example of a supernatural model.

A

Salem Witch Trials

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9
Q

The oldest writings, including those of the Bible, Plato, and the tablets of Babylonian King Hammurabi, indicate that the earliest beliefs to explain abnormal behavior involved evil spirits, with treatment aimed at
exorcising the demon or destroying the body harboring the demon

A

Supernatural model

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10
Q

Proposes that psychological disorders have a biological or medical cause, such as faulty neurotransmitter systems, genetic problems, brain damage and dysfunction, or some combination of these causes

A

Biological model

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11
Q

Although ancient Greek physician Hippocrates set the stage for biological causes of abnormal behavior, it was not until the cause of the severe psychological disturbance, paresis, was found in the late 1800s to be caused by a biological agent, syphilis, that physicians first began to understand the importance of biology in psychological disorders

A

Biological model

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12
Q

May have begun with ancient Greek mathematician, Pythagoras, and later with the published psychological views of Sigmund Freud

A

Psychological models

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13
Q

Psychological models include the psychodynamic view, behaviorism, cognitive psychology, and various psychological theories

A

Psychological models

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14
Q

What is abnormal in one culture may be unknown or considered to be within the range of normal behavior in another culture

A

Sociocultural perspective

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15
Q

This perspective considers abnormal behavior to be influenced by an individual’s family, the various social groups to which the person belongs and with which the person interacts, and the culture in which the individual exists

A

Sociocultural perspective

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16
Q

The current, best explanation for abnormal behavior

A

Biopsychosocial perspective

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17
Q

Utilizes the model of interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences

A

Biopsychosocial perspective

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18
Q

A legal term that refers to a mental inability to manage one’s affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one’s actions

A

Insanity

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19
Q

What are the three way insanity is used?

A
  1. As a plea in criminal proceedings
  2. Incompetent to stand trial
  3. Commitment to a state mental hospital due to an inability to manage one’s affairs or foresee the consequences of one’s actions
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20
Q

Describe the first way insanity is used by as a plea in criminal proceedings

A

“not guilty by reason of insanity” means that the person did not know right from wrong or had not the capacity to control his or her behavior

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21
Q

Describe the second way insanity is used by Incompetent to stand trial

A

“not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility” means the person is not responsible due to diminished intellectual ability caused by a genetic condition, disease, or brain damage

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22
Q

Describe the second way insanity is used by a Commitment to a state mental hospital due to an inability to manage one’s affairs or foresee the consequences of one’s actions

A

Commitment today is based on a person’s danger to self or others

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23
Q

How successful is this plea in criminal proceedings?

A

10%

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24
Q

________________ are classified using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, 2013 (DSM-5).

A

Psychological problems

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25
Q

________________ are classified using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, 2013 (DSM-5).

A

Psychological problems

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26
Q

In any given year, according to research a little over _____ of American adults 18 years of age and older suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder.

A

25%

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27
Q

An irrational, persistent fear of something

A

Phobia

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28
Q

Marked fear or anxiety about and avoidance of social situations in which the person may be negatively evaluated by others

A

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

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29
Q

What is one of the most common phobias?

A

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

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30
Q

Intense, irrational, and enduring fear of one specific object or situation, such as
heights, snakes, flying, seeing blood, or injections

A

Specific Phobia

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31
Q

Fear of heights

A

Acrophobia

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32
Q

Fear of being in a small, enclosed space

A

Claustrophobia

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33
Q

Fear of people from other countries

A

Xenophobia

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34
Q

Fear of germs

A

Mysophobia

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35
Q

Fear of washing or bathing

A

Ablutophobia

36
Q

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors resulting from urges to perform in response to an obsession or rigid rules

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

37
Q

Diagnosis requires the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

38
Q

Persistent difficulty discarding possessions regardless of their actual value

A

Hoarding Disorder

39
Q

Exposure to actual or threatened death, injury, or violence

A

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

40
Q

For diagnosis, symptoms may be immediate or delayed and must last for more than one month, including intrusive dreams, flashbacks, or distress, avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, marked alteration in reactivity

A

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

41
Q

Symptoms may include depressed mood, markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities, significant weight change, significant change in sleep, loss of energy, diminished ability to concentrate, intense feelings of despair, hopelessness, worthlessness, in which the person may become extremely subdued, withdrawn, and perhaps suicidal

A

Depression

42
Q

A state of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and persistently increased level of activity or energy

A

Mania

43
Q

Five or more of the symptoms above that have been present for at least two weeks, with one of the symptoms being depressed mood or markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities

A

Major Depressive Disorder

44
Q

What is know as unipolar disorder?

A

Major Depressive Disorder

45
Q

What is know as unipolar disorder?

A

Major Depressive Disorder

46
Q

Fewer symptoms than Major Depressive Disorder

but lasting for at least two years

A

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

47
Q

Symptoms present in the final week before the onset of menses and become minimal or absent in the week following menses

A

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

48
Q

Symptoms include mood swings, irritability, depressed mood, and tension; frequently called PMS

A

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

49
Q

Most people experience both mania and depression, although experiencing a major depressive episode is not now required for diagnosis

A

Bipolar I Disorder

50
Q

What used to be called manic-depressive illness

A

Bipolar I Disorder

51
Q

People experience at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode;

A

Bipolar II Disorder

52
Q

What is a milder manic episode?

A

Hypomania

53
Q

What is a milder manic episode?

A

Hypomania

54
Q

Milder manic and depressive symptoms that do not reach the criteria for a hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode, lasting for at least two years

A

Cyclothymic Disorder

55
Q

Disease of self-starvation with the following three main characteristics

A

Anorexia Nervosa

56
Q

Of anorexia, About 10% of cases are _____, but most cases are ______ in adolescence or early adulthood;

A
  • Male

- Female

57
Q

What are the three main characteristic of anorexia?

A
  1. Weight that is less than minimally normal or minimally expected
  2. Intense fear of gaining weight, even in the face of weight loss
  3. Distorted body image, seeing fat where others do not see fat
58
Q

The estimated mortality rate is highest among all eating disorders and much higher than any other psychological disorder

A

Anorexia Nervosa

59
Q

The “binge and purge” disease

A

Bulimia Nervosa

60
Q

In Bulimia Nervosa, a binge is rapid calorie consumption, with an average of 3500 calories in a single binge and as much as _________ calories in one day

A

50,000

61
Q

In Bulimia Nervosa, what are the three ways to purge?

A

Vomiting, abuse of laxatives, abuse of exercise

62
Q

In Bulimia Nervosa, about 10% of cases are ______, but most cases are ______ in late adolescence and early adulthood

A
  • Male

- Female

63
Q

Involve a dissociation, or break, in consciousness, memory, or a person’s sense of identity

A

Dissociative Disorders

64
Q

A psychological inability to recall important autobiographical information

A

Dissociative Amnesia

65
Q

Usually preceded by overwhelming or intolerable events, such as war,
abuse, natural disaster, genocide, concentration camp internment, rape, childhood abuse

A

Dissociative Amnesia

66
Q

In Dissociative Amnesia, memories typically return after a period that may be brief or rather long. T or F

A

True

67
Q

Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personalities existing in the same body

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

68
Q

In DID, are there core personality that are not aware of the other personalities?

A

Yes

69
Q

What is Multiple Personality Disorder known as today?

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

70
Q

Marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms

A

Schizophrenia

71
Q

Marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms

A

Schizophrenia

72
Q

False belief held even in the presence of contradictory evidence

A

Delusion

73
Q

A perceptual experience that occurs without an external stimulus

A

Hallucination

74
Q

Such as answers to questions not directly related to the question,
switching from one topic to another, or incoherence

A

Disorganized speech

75
Q

May include behaviors such as silliness or catatonia

A

Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior

76
Q

May include behaviors such as diminished emotional expression and a decrease in self-initiated activities

A

Negative symptoms

77
Q

In hallucinations, what is the #1 stimulus?

A

Hearing

78
Q

For a diagnosis of __________, a person must meet two or more of the symptoms above for at least one month, with at least one symptom being delusion, hallucination, or disorganized speech.

A

Schizophrenia

79
Q

An enduring, excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others

A

Personality Disorders

80
Q

Pattern of distrust and suspiciousness

A

Paranoid Personality Disorder

81
Q

Pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

A

Schizoid Personality Disorder

82
Q

Pattern of disregarding laws and rules, lying, using others without concern about their rights or feelings

A

Antisocial Personality Disorder

83
Q

Pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships and in self-image, extreme swings from idealization to demonization of those close to the person

A

Borderline Personality Disorder

84
Q

Pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

A

Histrionic Personality Disorder

85
Q

Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

A

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Psychology (7 decks)

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