Carbohydrates Flashcards
what is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light –> 6O2 + C6H12O6
examples of mono and disaccharides?
mono - glucose
di - sucrose
examples of starch and non starch polysaccharides?
starch - amylose
non-starch - cellulose
in what form can carbohydrates be absorbed?
monosaccharides
why is starch a good (and not so good) source of energy?
good - lots of glucose molecules due to long chain
bad - needs to be cooked to release the energy
what are non-starch polysaccharides also referred to as, and what are their properties?
fibre
can’t be broken down or stored, so are excreted
major sources of CHO?
cereals, fruits, vegetables, dairy
process of digestion of carbohydrates?
mouth - alpha amylase starts breakdown
stomach - alpha amylase is deactivated by stomach acid
intestine - break down of disaccharides
what do the GLUT’s do?
GLUT1 facilitates glucose absorption
GLUT2 transports liver glucose
GLUT4 is an insulin responsive transporter
what do the two types of glands excrete?
endocrine - insulin
exocrine - digestive enzymes
what are normal blood glucose levels?
between 3.2 and 5.6 mmol/L
what is glycemic index and why are the values?
rating based on how much foods raise glucose levels
Low GI = 55 or less
High GI = 70 or more
