Lipid and Protein metabolism Flashcards
3 Classes of lipids?
1) Fatty acid derivatives
- FATTY ACIDS
- PHOSPHOLIPIS
- eicanosoids
2) Hydroxy-methyl-glutaric acid derivatives
- KETONE BODIES
- cholesterol and cholesterol related molecules
3) Vitamins
What are triglycerides? What is the structure of glycerol?
Consists of 3 fatty acids esterified to glycerol
- glycerol his a 3 carbon chain with 3 OH groups branching off
amphipathic meaning?
A molecule which possesses both hydrophobic and hydrophillic qualities
Triacylglycerol is digested by which enzyme? What are the steps to this reaction?
Digested by pacreatic lipase
fatty acids are hydrolysed 1 by 1 TAG -> Diacylglycerol -> 2-monoacylglycerol
Cholesterol and phospholipids are digested by which enzymes?
Cholesterol esterase and phospholipases
What compounds are Triglycerides digested into and why?
Fatty acids and monoacylglycerols -> these molecules are small enough to transport across cell membranes
Fatty acid catabolism - process name and what happens in each cycle?
Beta-oxidation. Fatty acids have C2 removed per cycle. 1 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 acetyl CoA produced per cycle. Occurs in mitochondria
How are fatty acids activated, which enzyme does this and where does it occur?
Linkage to CoA forming fatty acylCoA catalysed by acyl CoA synthetase. Coupled with ATP hydrolysis. Occurs in cytoplasm
What is glycerol broken catabolised into/ where does it enter glycolysis?
Catabolised into final product Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate - (enters glycolysis at last step)
2 steps of amino acid degradation
Transfer of amino group to a-ketoglutarate (via aminotranferases)
Dehydrogenation to produce ammonium ion (via a-ketoglutarate)
How are ammonium ions removed?
Converted into urea in the urea cycle
Carbon skeletons - how are they formed and why are they useful?
Deamination of amino acids - skeletons can be used in other pathwayse.g converted to pyruvate, acetyle CoA
