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Anterior Segment Disease > Eyelids and Adnexa > Flashcards

Eyelids and Adnexa Flashcards

1
Q

Hordeolum

A

infection of eyelid gland
localized swelling, redness, inflammation
painful and tender
acute

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2
Q

External Hordeolum

A

infection of eyelash follicle and it’s adjacent glands of Zeis and Moll

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3
Q

Internal Hordeolum

A

infection of meibomian gland

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4
Q

Treating Hordeolum

A

warm compress
antibiotics
pull lash inside if one present for better drainage
incision if bad enough

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5
Q

Most common cause of a hordeolum

A

Staph aureus

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6
Q

Increases chances for a hordeolum

A

chronic blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, ocular rosacea

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7
Q

Chalazion

A

sebum from meibomian glands released into tarsus and adjacent tissues
noninfectious inflammatory reaction
granulomatous/ firm
slow growth

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8
Q

Treating Chalazion

A

warm compress
steroids
incision

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9
Q

Recurrent Chalazion

A

possible neoplastic lesion

should be biopsied

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10
Q

Poliosis

A

white eyelashes/ lack of pigmentation

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11
Q

Trichiasis

A

lashes scratching cornea

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12
Q

Madarosis

A

loss of lashes

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13
Q

Causes of Madarosis

A

chronic blepharitis

basal cell carcinoma

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14
Q

Causes of Poliosis

A

chronic blepharitis
drops
vitiligo

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15
Q

Causes of Acquired Trichiasis

A

inflammation
chlamydia
age changes
injury- chemical burns

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16
Q

Managing Trichiasis

A

epilation

fix lid- surgery

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17
Q

Epiblepharon

A

extra growth of skin
common in Asians
can cause trichiasis

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18
Q

Distichiasis

A

new growth of lashes from meibomian glands
congenital
acquired- metaplasia of meibomian glands

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19
Q

Treating Distichiasis

A

epilation

lasers

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20
Q

Trichomegaly

A

excessive growth of lashes

caused by drugs- prostaglandins

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21
Q

Blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelids

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22
Q

Anterior Blepharitis

A

affects the base of lashes
red, conj can be red as well
Staph or Seborrheic

23
Q

Staphylococcal Blepharitis

A

hard scales, crusts, collarettes

24
Q

Seborrheic Blepharitis

A

wet scales; greasy, sticky lashes

25
Q

Posterior Blepharitis

A

affects meibomian glands

looks capped with frothy/ foamy tear film

26
Q

Demodex

A

mites on lid that can cause both anterior and posterior blepharitis

27
Q

Treating Demodex

A

Tea Tree Oil

28
Q

Treating Blepharitis

A 
lid scrubs
warm compress
expression
antibiotic
steroids
29
Q

Pthirus Pubis

A

lice that can reside in lashes and brows

30
Q

Diagnosing Pthirus Pubis

A

observation of either adults or egg cases

31
Q

Treatment of Pthirus Pubis

A

removal of lice and eggs

ointments to smother and kill

32
Q

Entropian

A

turning in of lid margin

33
Q

Involutional Entropian

A

age related

causes pseudo-trichiasis

34
Q

Cicatricial Entropian

A

scarring of palpebral conjuntiva pulls lid margin in

35
Q

Cause of Cicatricial Entropian

A 
autoimmune
inflammatory
infectious
surgical
traumatic
prognosis better with trauma + surgical
36
Q

Ectropian

A

lid margin turns out

37
Q

Treating Entropian

A

surgery

38
Q

Problems caused by ectropian

A

dry eye

39
Q

Involutional Ectropian

A

age related

causes epiphora- watery eyes

40
Q

Cicatricial Ectropian

A

scarring or contracting of skin from burns/ trauma

41
Q

Paralytic Ectropian

A

caused by facial nerve palsy

42
Q

Mechanical Ectropian

A

caused by tumors

43
Q

Treating Ectropian

A

surgery

44
Q

Muscles Responsible for Ptosis

A

levator palpebrae superiosis
Muller’s muscle
frontalis muscle

45
Q

Ptosis from Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A

controlled by CN3
main muscle of eyelid retraction
biggest ptosis

46
Q

Ptosis from Muller’s Muscle

A

sympathetic innervation
1-2mm of elevation
mild ptosis when fatigued or dysfunctional- Horner’s

47
Q

Ptosis from Frontalis Muscle

A

inn by CN7

patients will lift brow to elevate eyelids

48
Q

Neurogenic Ptosis

A

3rd nerve palsy, Horner’s

49
Q

Myogenic Ptosis

A

myopathy of levator muscle or impaired transmission at neuromuscular junction- myasthenia gravis

50
Q

Aponeurotic Ptosis

A

often age related change

51
Q

Mechanical Ptosis

A

caused by weight or scarring

52
Q

Norms for Palpebral Fissure

A

7-12 mm
upper lid 2mm above limbus
lower lid 1 mm below limbus

53
Q

Dermatochalasis

A

extra skin in elderly

gives appearance of ptosis

54
Q

Management for Ptosis

A

surgery- limiting VF or cosmesis

treating systemic- MG

Anterior Segment Disease (19 decks)

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