Canine Disease 1

Question 1

Canine Distemper Etiology:

Answer 1

◦ Lipid enveloped virus unstable in the environment.
◦ Transmitted through aerosol droplets secreted by infected animals.
◦ Can be shed for several months.

Question 2

Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention of distemper

Answer 2

Diagnosis- History, Clinical signs
Treatment- Supportive- IV fluids, antibiotics, anticonvulsants
Prevention - Vaccination, Isolation of affected individuals

Question 3

Canine Hepatitis

Answer 3

 Canine adenovirus type 1: CAV-1
 Spread through body fluids: aerosolized nasal material, urine
 Primary mode of transmission is direct contact with infected dogs, contaminated kennels, runs cages dishes, hands etc
 A recovered patient can shed virus for up to 9 months in urine.

Question 4

Symptoms of CAV-1 Infection

Answer 4

 Sore throat, coughing, pneumonia: virus affects tonsils and larynx first
 Kidney +/or Liver can be affected leading to failure: seizures, increased thirst, V +/or D
 Cornea may appear cloudy or bluish due to edema w/in the corneal cells : ‘Hepatitis Blue Eye”
 Death can be sudden, as soon as 24 hrs after initial signs
 Worse in patients less than 1 yr

Question 5

Treatments and Prevention

Answer 5

 None
 Offer supportive care: IV fluids, isolation, antibiotics
 Vaccinate for prevention: CAV-1 or CAV-2; either vaccine will provide protection against the other

Question 6

Leptospirosis

Answer 6

 Transmission between animals through contact with infected urine
 Bite wounds +/- ingestion of infected tissues
 Contact with stagnant or slow moving water
 Over crowding: contact with contaminated bedding, water sources and food
 Freezing greatly reduces the survival of the organism
 Bacterial

Question 7

Leptospira infection

Answer 7

 Bacteria penetrates mucous membrane or abraded skin, multiply quickly and enter the blood stream, spreading to the kidney, liver, spleen, CNS, eyes and genital tract.
 As the body flights the infection, the organism clears from most organs but can persist in the kidney and liver.
 Serovars: canicola, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorragiae, Pomona

Question 8

Leptospirosis Diagnosis and Treatment

Answer 8

 A positive diagnosis can be made through blood testing: paired titers, agglutination test. A negative test can be seen the 1st 10 days post infection.
 Previous vaccine can give a higher titer reading
 Culture urine for bacterial organism

Question 9

Treatment of Lepto

Answer 9

 IV fluids, antibiotics, control vomiting, trt any organ failure
 Antibiotic= Penicillin initially, Doxicycline to prevent any long term carrier status

Question 10

Leptospirosis Symptoms

Answer 10

 Fever of 103-104
 Shivering and muscle tenderness
 Vomiting, dehydration, depression
 Kidney +/- liver failure
 Majority of cases are subclinical not resulting in organ failure
 Chronic cases will shed virus in urine for months or years

Question 11

Leptospirosis Prevention

Answer 11

 Vaccinate every 6mo in high risk areas
 Begin vaccination after 12 weeks of age to prevent vaccine reactions
 Keep animals away from high risk soggy areas
 Wear gloves when handling infected or suspect bodily fluids
 Zoonotic

Question 12

Parvovirus Infection

Answer 12

 Common, highly contagious viral disease

 Destroys cells lining the intestinal tract

Question 13

Parvovirus Infection Etiology:

Answer 13

 Virus persistis in environment for < 6 months.
 Killed by sodium hypochlorite
 Transmitted through ingestion of the virus shed in feces

Question 14

Parvovirus Clinical Signs:

Answer 14

◦	Anorexia
◦	Depression
◦	Vomiting
◦	Diarrhea: watery and streaked with blood.
◦	CBC: low WBC (<2,000/microliter)

Question 15

Diagnosis of Parvovirus:

Answer 15

◦ Clinical Signs
◦ Vaccine status
◦ Positive Canine Parvovirus Test.

Question 16

Parvovirus Treatment:

Answer 16

◦	Supportive Care:
	IV fluids
	Antibiotics for secondary infections
	Antiemetics
	Possible blood transfusions

Question 17

Canine Enteric Coronavirus

Answer 17

◦ Usually mild infections and only puppies younger that 6 weeks of age
◦ UC Davies does not vaccinate for this as they cannot reproduce the infection experimentally.
◦ Causes diarrhea and vomiting
◦ Seen sometimes

Question 18

Infectious Tracheobronchitis

Answer 18

◦ “Kennel cough”

◦ Mild, self-limiting disease of the upper respiratory tract

Question 19

Infectious Tracheobronchitis Etiology:

Answer 19

 Caused by a combination of viral and bacterial infections:
Canine parainfluenza virus (CPI)
Canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2)
[Bordetella bronchiseptica plays secondary role]

Question 20

Kennel Cough Clinical Signs:

Answer 20

 Harsh cough.
 Mild fever.
 Cough can be elicited on tracheal palpation.

Question 21

Kennel Cough Treatment:

Answer 21

 TLC
 Cough Suppression
 Antibiotics

Question 22

Core Canine Vaccines

Answer 22

 Canine parvovirus
 Canine distemper virus
 Canine adenovirus
 Rabies

Question 23

Canine Vaccines

Answer 23

A vaccine that includes diseases that have a significant morbidity and are widely distributed. The vaccine results in relatively good protection from the disease.

Question 24

Canine Distemper

Answer 24

 Most prevalent viral disease of dogs world wide.
 Highly contagious, highly fatal
 Affects lymphoid tissue in all parts of the body.
 Affects the CNS

Question 25

Canine Distemper Clinical Findings

Answer 25

 Affects mostly dogs 3-6 months old
 High morbidity, high mortality
 Incubation period 14-18 days

Question 26

GI signs of Distemper

Answer 26

◦ Fever
◦ Anorexia
◦ Vomiting
◦ Diarrhea

Question 27

Respiratory and Dermatologic signs of Distemper

Answer 27

	Respiratory:
◦	Serous ocular and nasal discharge
◦	Coughing
	Dermatologic: 
◦	“Hard Pad”: hyperkeratotic foot pads.
◦	Hyperketatosis of nasal skin.

Question 28

Neurologic signs of Distemper

Answer 28

◦ Twitching
◦ “Chewing Gum” convulsions.
◦ Seizures
◦ Ataxia