Pulmonology (3%) Flashcards
Most common cause of cancer death in the world
Lung carcinoma
90% of lung cancer cases are associated with:
Smoking
25% of lung cancer is __________, and 75% is _____________
Small-cell
Non-small cell
Most common type of non-small cell lung cancer, and second most common
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Screening for lung cancer
- > 55 y/o
- 30 pack year smoker
- Must have smoked in last 15 years
Screen annually w/ low-dose chest CT
Stop screening at 80 or if stopped smoking in 15 yeasr
Signs/symptoms of lung cancer
Persistent cough
Hemoptysis
Weight loss
Diagnosis of lung cancer
- CXR
- Chest CT
- Biopsy
Very type of lung cancer, where majority will have metastasis at time of diagnosis
Small-cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma is associated with what diseases? (3)
SIADH
Cushing’s syndrome
Lambert Eaton’s Syndrome
Pleural effusion fluid is classified as _________ or ____________
Exudative or Transudative
Exudative fluid in pleural effusion occurs from:
Local irritation of the lungs
Pneumonia
Pulmonary embolism
Malignancy
Transudative fluid in pleural effusion occurs from:
Systemic disease
Cirrhosis
CHF
Hypoalbuminemia
Signs/Symptoms of pleural effusion
Dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and/or cough
Decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion
Diagnosis of pleural effusion
- CXR - blunting of costophrenic angles
- Pleural ultrasound
- Chest CT
Treatment for pleural effusion
Thoracentesis
Correct underlying condition
