Hematology (3%) Flashcards
Anemia is defined as ___________ or __________-
Low hemoglobin
Low hematocrit
Symptoms of anemia are a result of ______________
Decreased oxygen deliver to tissues
Core symptoms of all types of anemia
Fatigue Dyspnea on exertion Palpitations If severe: Syncope and chest pain
Types of macrocytic anemia (MCV > 100)
B12 Deficiency Folate Deficiency Alcoholism Hypothyroidism Liver Disease
Types of microcytic anemia (MCV < 80)
Iron Deficiency
Thalassemia
Anemia of Chronic Dz
Sideroblastic Anemia
Types of normocytic anemia (MCV 80-100)
Blood loss
Hemolysis
Anemia of Chronic Dz
How does a patient with Vitamin B12 deficiency present?
Neurological symptoms
Peripheral neuropathy most common
Lab values for Vitamin B12 deficiency
Low B12 level
High MMA
May also see: elevated iron, indirect bilirubin, and LDH
Vitamin B12 deficiency can be secondary to medicine, such as:
Metformin
PPIs
Cimetidine
Treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 replacement
IM preferred if severe neurological problems
Treatment for folate deficiency
Folic acid
A patient with iron deficiency will present with:
Blood loss
GI or menses
Lab values for iron deficiency
Low serum iron Low ferritin High iron binding capacity High RDW Elevated platelet count
Treatment for iron deficiency
Always look for cause!
Ferrous sulfate
Complications of ferrous sulfate
Can turn stools black but will have negative guaiac stool test
