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EOR General Surgery > Obstetrics / Gynecology > Flashcards

Obstetrics / Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the breast

A

Mastitis

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2
Q

Seen mostly in lactating women secondary to nipple trauma

A

Infectious mastitis

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3
Q

Most common bacterial etiologies of infective mastitis

A

Staph aureus
Strep
+/- Candida

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4
Q

Signs/Symptoms of infective mastitis

A 
Unilateral breast pain
Tenderness
Warmth
Swelling
Nipple discharge
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5
Q

Signs/Symptoms of congestive mastitis

A

Bilateral breast pain and swelling
Low grade fever
Axillary lymphadenopathy

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6
Q

Management of infective mastitis

A

Supportive measures (warm compresses, breast pump)
Anti-staphylococcal abx: Dicloxacillin, nafcillin, cephalosporin
Fluconazole if fungal
Mothers may continue to nurse/breast pump

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7
Q

Management of congestive mastitis

A

If women does not want to breastfeed: ice packs, tight fitting bras, analgesics, avoid breast stimulation

If women wants to breastfeed: manually empty breast after baby is done, local heat, analgesics

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8
Q

Management of breast abscess

A

I&D

Discontinue breastfeeding from affected breast

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9
Q

Most common breast disorder

A

Fibrocystic breast disorder

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10
Q

Signs/symptoms of fibrocystic breast disorder

A

Multiple, mobile, well demarcated lumps in breast tissue
Often tender and bilateral
May increase/decrease in size with menstrual hormonal changes

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11
Q

Diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disorder

A
  1. Ultrasound

2. FNA - straw colored fluid

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12
Q

Management of fibrocystic breast disorder

A

Most will resolve spontaneously

+/- FNA removal of fluid if symptomatic

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13
Q

2nd most common breast disorder

A

Fibroadenoma of the breast

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14
Q

Composed of glandular and fibrous tissue (collagen arranged in “swirls”)

A

Fibroadenoma of the breast

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15
Q

Signs/symptoms of fibroadenomas

A

Smooth, well-circumscribed, nontender, freely mobile, rubbery lump in breast
Gradually grows over time
Does not usually wax and wane with menstruation

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16
Q

Management of fibroadenomas

A

Observation
Most small tumors resorb with time
Excision if painful

17
Q

Most common forms of breast cancer

A

Ductal (milk ducts) or lobular (lobules that produce milk)

18
Q

Most common non-skin malignancy in women

A

Breast Cancer

19
Q

2nd most common cause of cancer death in women

A

Breast Cancer

20
Q

Risk factors for breast cancer

A 
BRCA 1 & BRCA 2
1st degree relative with breast CA
Age > 65 y/o
Hormonal (increased number of menstrual cycles)
Increased estrogen

75% have no risk factors

21
Q

Most common type of breast cancer

A
  1. Infiltrative ductal carcinoma

2. Upper outer quadrant

22
Q

Signs/symptoms of breast cancer

A

Breast mass - usually painless, hard, fixed
Pain is rare
+/- axillary lymphadenopathy
Unilateral nipple discharge

23
Q

Most common locations of breast cancer METS

A

Lung
Liver
Bone
Brain

24
Q

Chronic eczematous itchy, scaling rash on the nipples and areolas.

A

Paget’s Disease of the Nipple

Indicative of breast CA

25
Q

Red, swollen, warm, itchy breast

A

Inflammatory breast cancer

Often will also see nipple retraction, peau d’orange, usually not associated with lump

26
Q

Peau d’ orange

A

skin changes due to lymphatic obstruction

associated with poor prognosis

27
Q

Diagnosis of breast CA

A
  1. Mammogram
  2. Ultrasound - recommended initial modality
  3. FNA biopsy, core biopsy, excisional biopsy
28
Q

Chemotherapy for breast CA

A

Used in stages II-IV and inoperable dz
Especially ER neg CA
Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Fluorouracil, Docetaxel

29
Q

Breast cancer prevention in high risk patients

A

SERM: Tamoxifen or Raloxifene
can be used in postmenopausal women or women > 35 y/o with high risk
Treatment usually lasts 5 years

EOR General Surgery (10 decks)

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