Cardio

Question 1

What produces rapid control of blood pressure?

Answer 1

Baroreceptor reflex
peripheral chemoreceptors
adrenergic system

Question 2

What produces long term control of BP?

Answer 2

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

Question 3

BP can be decreased by

Answer 3

decreasing HR and SV

reducing peripheral resistance.

Question 4

explain RAS

Answer 4

kidney sense low profusion and release renin(also inc. BP) -> turns angiotensin-angiotensin1-> ACE turns it to Angiotensin 2->cause BP rise. because ang2 is most powerful vasoconstrictor.

Question 5

Whats target tissue of antihypertensive drugs?

Answer 5

• sympathetic nerves releasing NE (adrenergic inhibitors)
• kidney
• heart
• arterioles
• CNS

Question 6

loop diuretics are ____ anti-hypertensives yet _____ diuretics.

thiazides ?

Answer 6

mod/ powerful

powerful/moderate

Question 7

MOA of Diuretics?

Answer 7

inhibit sodium pumps
induce renal PG synthesis

used for HTN

Question 8

ADR of diuretics?

Answer 8

fluid depletion
hyponatremia
hypokalemia
orthostatic Hypotension
hyperglycemia
increase LDL

Question 9

What makes Diuretics less effective?

when should prescriber be notified?

Answer 9

NSAIDS

BP=<100 HR=<60

Question 10

Potassium sparing diuretics work at ?

MOA?

Answer 10

collecting duct

block aldosterone receptors
inhibition Na Flux through ion channels

Question 11

ADR of K+ sparing diuretics?

Answer 11

dehydration
hyperkalemia
gynecomastia
impotence
acute Renal failure
kidney stones.

Question 12

Clinical signs to watch for diuretics?

Answer 12

hypotension
dizzy
orthostatic hypotension
dehydration
cramping
irregular pulse
incontinent
elevated K+ and BUN

Question 13

Rehab implications for diuretics?

Answer 13

• ankle pumps
• monitor pulse
• inspect skin
• prolonged exercise contraindicated
• geriatrics increased risk/fall prevention
• bp<100 hr<60

Question 14

MOA of beta blockers?

-olol

Answer 14

slow HR and CO
inhibit sympathetic activity
inhibit renin release
reduce mortality after MI

Question 15

ADR for beta blockers?

Answer 15

fatigue
excessively lower BP
bradycardia
excessive sweating.

Delay recovery of hypoglycemia

Question 16

Clinical signs of beta blockers?

Answer 16

hypotension
decreased BP with exercise
weak pulse
dizzy
orthostatic hypotension
lower extremity edema
monitor pulmonary symptoms
weight gain with heart failure.

Question 17

beta blockers
myocardial ischemia?
uncomplicated hypertension?

Answer 17

increase performance

decrease performance.

Question 18

MOA of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 18

interfere with calcium uptake in arteriole smooth muscle in cardiac muscle.

Question 19

ADR of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 19

low BP
Headache
Papitation
Orthostatic hypotension

Question 20

Clinical signs of calcium channel blockers?

rehab implications?

Answer 20

hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
dizzy
LE edema.**

less effect on performance.

Question 21

MOA of ACE 1

Answer 21

inhibit Angiotensin converting enzyme ACE

CO and HR don’t change. but lowers BP

Question 22

ADR of ACE 1

affect RAS

Answer 22

chronic cough
hyperkalemia
Impaired by NSAIDS
Orthostatic hypotension
increase risk of angioedema
Low BP

Question 23

MOA of ARB?

Answer 23

prevent angiotensin 2 from binding to receptor on blood vessel.

lowers BP

Question 24

ADR of ARB?

affect RAS

Answer 24

low bp
hyperkalemia
dizzy
Orthostatic hypotension
impaired by NSAID
NO COUGH

Question 25

MOA of direct renin inhibitor

Answer 25

block renin release

Question 26

ADR of direct renin inhibitor

Answer 26

peripheral edema
increased serum creatinine
increase risk of stroke/renal complications after 18-24 mo

Question 27

what is more important cardiovascular risk factor SBP or DBP?

Answer 27

SBP