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Parasitology > Ectoparasites VI: Diptera > Flashcards

Ectoparasites VI: Diptera Flashcards

1
Q

What are general dipteran characteristics?

A 
True flies (two-winged)
Complex metamorphosis
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2
Q

What do larvae of some species of dipterans cause? What are adults of others?

A

Myiasis

Blood-suckers

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3
Q

Describe the mouthparts of dipterans

A

They vary:

Lapping, piercing, combination, nonfunctional

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4
Q

What are the 2 main groups of diptera?

A

Brachycera

Nematocera

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5
Q

What are examples of Brachycera?

A 
Myiasis flies (bot, blow, flesh, and muscid flies)
Stable flies
Horn flies
Keds (louse flies)
Horse and deer flies
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6
Q

What are examples of Nematocera?

A

Mosquitoes
Biting midges
Black flies
Sand flies

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7
Q

What is the parasitic stage for Brachycera?

A

Larval stage

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8
Q

Where do most Brachycera breed?

A

In decaying material

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9
Q

What are the mouthparts seen with Brachycera?

A

Lapping, piercing, nonfunctional

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10
Q

What is myiasis?

A

Parasitism by fly larvae

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11
Q

What are obligate parasites?

A

Those that require living tissues

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12
Q

What are facultative parasites?

A

Those that go for necrotic tissue

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13
Q

What are accidental parasites?

A

When an animal ingests something with maggots and they pass through, but they aren’t meant to be there

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14
Q

Describe Oestridae (Bot flies)

A

Highly host and site specific
Adults non-parasitic
Aberrant hosts

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15
Q

What is the type of myiasis associated with Oestridae subfamily Gasterophilinae?

A

Digestive

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16
Q

What is the type of myiasis associated with Oestridae subfamily Oestrinae, Cuterebrinae?

A

Internal

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17
Q

What is the type of myiasis associated with Oestridae subfamily Cuterebrinae, Hypodermatinae?

A

Cutaneous

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18
Q

What are the Gasterophilinae species from most common to least common (horse bots)?

A

Gasterophilus intestinalis
Gasterophilus nasalis
Gasterophilus hemorrhoidali

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19
Q

What is hatching of Gasterophilus eggs induced by?

A

Environmental cues

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20
Q

Where are eggs laid with Gasterophils intestinalis?

A

Legs and shoulders

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21
Q

Where does the L3 stage occur with Gasterophilus intestinalis?

A

Nonglandular portion of stomach

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22
Q

Does Gasterophilus cause pathology?

A

Usually it causes very little pathology

Some association with stomach rupture, splenic abscesses, peritonitis

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23
Q

How is Gasterophilus diagnosed?

A

Often postmortem, but sometimes we can find eggs

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24
Q

What are the infestation signs of Oestrus ovis (sheep bots)?

A

Usually subclinical

Sometimes sneezing, nasal discharge, blockage

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25
Q

Where is Oestrus ovis found?

A

In the nose of sheep

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26
Q

What are the hosts of Cuterebra?

A

Rodents and squirrels are most common

Rabbits, dogs, cats

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27
Q

Where do Cuterebra adults lay eggs?

A

In the host habitat

28
Q

How do Cuterebra larvae get into host?

A

They get onto the host fur and enter via natural openings, then migrate to subcutaneous location

29
Q

Where does Hypoderma (cattle bot) lay eggs?

A

On the host legs

30
Q

Where does L1 of Hypoderma occur?

A

Esophagus and spinal cord

31
Q

What happens with the other stages of Hypoderma?

A

They move to SubQ areas because part of their life cycle is exiting the host

32
Q

When does injury occur with Hypoderma?

A

When trying to escape flies

33
Q

Why is the timing of treatment of Hypoderma important?

A

You don’t want to treat L1 when they are in the esophagus or spinal cord because dead larvae release toxins which causes adverse reactions

34
Q

When do you want to treat Hypoderma?

A

Immediately after fly activity stops- NOT in winter

35
Q

Describe Calliphoridae blow flies

A

Adults have metallic color
Lay eggs/larvae in tissue
Most are facultative parasites, some obligate

36
Q

What are screwworms (Calliphoridae- Blow flies)?

A

Primary: Cochliomyia hominivorax (reportable)
Secondary: Cochliomyia macellaria

37
Q

Where are Sarcophagidae (flesh flies) eggs laid?

A

Carrion, feces, wounds

38
Q

What can many Sarcophagidae cause?

A

Facultative myiasis

39
Q

Where do you usually find Muscidae larvae?

A

In decaying organic matter

40
Q

What is the pathogen transmission with Musca domestica (house fly)?

A

Mechanical (bacteria and viruses)

Biological (horse nematodes)

41
Q

What does Musca autumnalis (face fly) feed on?

A

Ocular/nasal discharge

42
Q

What is the pathogen transmission of Musca autumnalis?

A

Mechanical (bacteria)

Biological (nematode)

43
Q

What is cutaneous myiasis associated with?

A

Larval infestation from blow flies, flesh flies, and rarely muscid flies

44
Q

What are clinical signs of cutaneous myiasis?

A

Foul-smelling
Depressed or restless
Decreased weight gain

45
Q

Describe treatment of Cutaneous myiasis in small animals

A

Treat individual
Clean wounds
Remove maggots
Avermectins

46
Q

Describe treatment of Cutaneous myiasis in large animals

A

Individuals are often not treated
Dips/sprays
Suffocation approaches

47
Q

What are muscid flies that are blood feeders as adults?

A 
Stable flies (Stomoxys)
Horn flies (Haematobia)
48
Q

Describe stable flies

A

Quick feeder

Breed in manure with feed

49
Q

Describe Horn flies

A

Slow feeder

Breed in manure only

50
Q

What are the common hosts of Stomoxys calcitrans?

A

Dairy cattle, dogs, horses, humans

51
Q

What is Stomoxys calcitrans the biological vector of?

A

Nematode (Habronema microstoma)

52
Q

What are common hosts of Haematobia irritans?

A

Beef cattle, horses

53
Q

What is Haematobia irritans the biological vector of?

A

Nematode (Stephanofilaria stilesi)

54
Q

What are the general control methods of Muscidae?

A

Sanitation
Regular spraying of premises
Fly baits, resin, strips, ear tags, UV traps
Biological control

55
Q

Describe Hippoboscidae (Keds)

A

Many are not host specific
Dorsoventrally flattened
Piercing/sucking mouthparts
Some stay on host whole life cycle, others don’t
Larvae stay in female’s abdomen until ready to pupate

56
Q

Describe Melophagus ovinus (Hippoboscidae)

A

Transfer via direct contact
Entire life cycle on host
Trypanosoma melophagium

57
Q

Describe Lipoptena cervi (Hippoboscidae)

A

Wings break off once

58
Q

Describe Hippobosca equina

A

Wings throughout life

59
Q

Describe Tabanidae

A

Horseflies and deerflies
Stout-bodied. vary in size
Only adult females require bloodmeal

60
Q

What are the eggs of Tabanidae like?

A

Glued to vegetation overhanging water

61
Q

What is L3 of Tabanidae like?

A

Carnivorous

62
Q

What are adult Tabanidae like?

A

Strong fliers

Difficult to control

63
Q

Describe Tabanus spp. (horse flies)

A

Vary in size, but can be big
Large eyes
Livestock fighting off flies may not graze well

64
Q

Describe Chysops spp. (deer flies)

A

Smaller than Tabanus spp, but larger than house fly
Banded wings
Larvae feed on organic matter in soil

65
Q

What disease does Tabanidae transmit via mechanical transmission?

A

Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Anaplamosis (Anaplasma marginale)
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
EIA (Equine infectious anemia virus)

Parasitology (27 decks)

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