module 2

Question 1

3 descriptive research methods

Answer 1

observational
case study
survey

Question 2

naturalistic method

Answer 2

observing human/animal behavior in their natural habitats

Question 3

laboratory observational method

Answer 3

observing human/animal behavior in a controlled situation

Question 4

case study

Answer 4

in depth study of one or more individuals

Question 5

survey

Answer 5

questioning individuals on things and describing their response

Question 6

cons of descriptive methods

Answer 6

do not support reliable predictions

do not support cause and effect explanations

Question 7

correlational method

Answer 7

assesses the degree of relationship between two variables

the relationship is such that an increase in one variable is typically accompanied by an increase in the other

Question 8

positive relationship

Answer 8

an increase in one is accompanied by an increase in the other (height up weight up)

Question 9

negative relationship

Answer 9

an increase in one is accompanied by a decrease in the other (elevation up temperature down)

Question 10

quasi-experimental

Answer 10

compares naturally occurring groups of individuals; variable of interest cannot be manipulated

(compare alcohol consumption by frats/sororities with other student organizations)

Question 11

2 predictive/relational methods

Answer 11

correlational

quasi-experimental

Question 12

participant variable

Answer 12

a characteristic of the subjects that cannot be changed

Question 13

sample

Answer 13

group of people who participate in study

Question 14

population

Answer 14

all the people about whom the study is meant to generalize

Question 15

random sample

Answer 15

a sample achieved through random selection in which each member of the population is equally likely to be chosen

Question 16

experimental method (1 explanatory)

Answer 16

allows researcher to establish a cause and effect relationship through manipulation of a variable and control of situation

Question 17

independent variable

Answer 17

the variable that is manipulated

Question 18

dependent variable

Answer 18

variable that is being measured

Question 19

control group

Answer 19

group of subjects who do not receive any level of the independent variable and serve as a baseline

Question 20

experimental group

Answer 20

the group of subjects who receive some level of the independent variable

Question 21

random assignment

Answer 21

assigning subjects to conditions in a way that each has the same probability as all others of being place in any condition

Question 22

control

Answer 22

manipulating the independent variable in an experiment or controlling any other extraneous variables that could affect results