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GOPH 375 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

accelerographs

A
  • instruments that record the acceleration of the ground during an earthquake.
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2
Q

fracture zones

A

-major lines of weakness in oceanic crust; former transform faults.

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3
Q

igneous rocks

A
  • rocks formed by the solidification of magma
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4
Q

intraplate earthquakes

A
  • earthquakes occurring within a tectonic plate, far away form plate boundaries.
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5
Q

intrusion

A
  • the process by which magma forces into fissures of pre-existing rocks and crystallizes below the surface of the earth
  • bodies formed by the process of intrusion
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6
Q

seismicity

A
  • the frequency and spatial distribution of earthquakes
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7
Q

seismic zonation

A
  • a geographical delineation of areas having similar damage potential from future earthquakes.
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8
Q

shakemaps

A
  • Macs of Marcalli intensity derived automatically from data recorded by a network of seismographs and computed in near real-time.
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9
Q

Where is the eastern boundary of the North American tectonic plate located?

A
  • along the mid-atlantic ridge
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10
Q

Rank the following cities in order of decreasing seismic risk: Montreal, Quebec City, Vancouver, Victoria.

A

1) Vancouver
2) Montreal
3) Victoria
4) Quebec City

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11
Q

Why Is seismic hazard difficult to assess in Canada?

A
  • historical data is only available for a few hundred years
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12
Q

What might happen when the Cascade mega thrust fault ruptures?

A
  • a large earthquake of approximately magnitude 9

- a tsunami

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13
Q

What is the dominant deformation force associated with the Queen Charlotte fault?

A
  • shear
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14
Q

The Juan de Fuca plate is a remnant of which ancient plate?

A
  • Farallon plate
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15
Q

Why is the urban seismic risk lower in Victoria than in Vancouver?

A
  • the population of Victoria is lower than that of Vancouver
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16
Q

Rank the following earth materials in order of decreasing seismic risk: hard rock, soft soil, soil vulnerable to liquefaction, stiff soil.

A

1) soil vulnerable to liquefaction
2) soft soil
3) stiff soil
4) hard rock

17
Q

What is the largest seismic hazard affecting southern British Columbia?

A
  • crustal earthquakes from the North American plate
18
Q

What are the epicentres of the earthquakes of the Charlevoix seismic zone located?

A
  • they follow a linear trend in the middle of the St. Lawrence River.
19
Q

if you were planning to build Canada’s tallest skyscraper, where would you want to build it?

A
  • Saskatoon, SK
20
Q

In Montreal, seismic hazard is moderate to high, and seismic risk is ____.

A
  • high
21
Q

What evidence in the natural environment support the occurrence of the 1700 Cascadia earthquake?

A
  • the presence of sediments disturbed by tsunami
22
Q

What should you do after an earthquake?

A
  • check for fire hazards

- check for damage to your home

23
Q

Identify the seismic-related hazards affecting the west coast of Vancouver Island

A
  • tsunami
24
Q

the seismic guidelines of the National Building Code of Canada are an example of

A
  • mitigation
25
Q

Which Canadian impact crater is associated with seismic activity?

A
  • Charlevoix
26
Q

Seismic donation studies are an example of

A
  • mitigation
27
Q

How has the exact date and time of the 1700 Cascadia earthquake in British Columbia been determined?

A
  • from Japanese tsunami records
28
Q

Why has the Canadian National Seismograph Network detected more earthquakes in the last 20 years than in the same period before?

A
  • the detection capability of the network has improved
29
Q

What is the difference between an isoseismal map and a shakemap?

A
  • an isoseismal map displays intensity reported by eye witnesses and a shakemap displays computed intensity
30
Q

What are the epicentres of the Western Quebec seismic zone located?

A
  • they follow a linear trend extending northwest from Montreal
31
Q

Which technology can be used to track the deformation of the earth’s surface?

A
  • Global Positioning System (GPS)
32
Q

How has the data displayed on the shakemap of the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake been calculated?

A
  • the data has been generated automatically from ground motion data recorded by a seismograph network and knowledge of the regional geology
33
Q

What are the epicentres of the earthquake of the Charlevoix seismic zone located?

A
  • they follow a linear trend in the middle of the St. Lawrence River

GOPH 375 (12 decks)

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