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Gross Anatomy 2 > Thigh, Knee and Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Thigh, Knee and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

what is the advantage of having a thick fascia in the thigh

A

aids pumping of blood in the veins of the lower limb (which have to work against gravity)

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2
Q

what is the name of the deep fascia in the leg?

A

crural fascia

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3
Q

what is the name of the deep fascia in the thigh?

A

fasciae latae

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4
Q

what thinkens laterally to form the iliotibial tract?

A

fasciae latae

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5
Q

what is the role of the iliotibial tract?

A

provides muscle attachment and helps support the femur on the tibia when standing

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6
Q

where does the iliotibial tract run from and to?

A

from iliac tubercle to anterolateral tibial tubercle

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7
Q

what muscles are found in the anterior thigh?

A 
iliacus
psoas major
pectineus
sartorius
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius
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8
Q

what are the four hip flexor muscles?

A

iliacus
psoas major
pectineus
sartorius

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9
Q

where is iliacus?

A

iliac crest, fossa, ala of sacrum and anterior sacroiliac ligament –> psoas tendon and lesser trochanter

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10
Q

what is the function of iliacus?

A

flex hip

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11
Q

what innervates iliacus?

A

femoral nerve (L2+3)

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12
Q

where is psoas major?

A

T12-L5 IV discs and lumbar transverse processes –> lesser trochanter

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13
Q

what is the function of psoas major?

A

flex hip

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14
Q

what innervates psoas major?

A

anterior rami L1-3

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15
Q

where is pectineus?

A

superior ramus of pubis –> pectineal line of femur

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16
Q

what is the function of pectineus?

A

adduct and flex hip, assist with medial rotation

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17
Q

what innervates pectineus?

A 
femoral nerve (L2+3)
(occasionally branch from obturator)
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18
Q

where is sartorius?

A

anterior superior iliac spine –> superior part of medial surface of tibia

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19
Q

what is the function of sartorius?

A

flex, abduct, laterally rotate hip and flex the knee

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20
Q

what innervates sartorius?

A

femoral nerve (L2+3)

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21
Q

what four muscles form the quadriceps?

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vasus intermedius

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22
Q

where is rectus femoris?

A

anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium above acetabulum –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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23
Q

what are the functions of rectus femoris?

A

extend knee

flex hip

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24
Q

where is vastus lateralis?

A

greater trochanter and lateral side of the linea aspera –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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25
Q

what is the function of vastus lateralis?

A

extend knee

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26
Q

where is vastus medialis?

A

intertrochanteric line and medial side of linea aspera –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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27
Q

what is the function of vastus medialis?

A

extend knee, gives medial pull to stop lateral dislocation of the patella

28
Q

where is vastus intermedius?

A

anterior and lateral shaft of femur –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

29
Q

what is the function of vastus intermediate?

A

extend knee

30
Q

what innervates the four quadriceps muscle?

A

femoral nerve (L2-4)

31
Q

what 5 muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

gracialis
adductor longus and brevis
adductor magnus
obturator externus

32
Q

which muscle of the medial compartment is not a hip adductor?

A

obturator externus

33
Q

where is gracialis?

A

body of inferior rami of pubis –> superior medial surface of tibia

34
Q

what is the function of gracilis?

A

adducts hip and flexes knee

35
Q

what innervates gracialis?

A

obturator (L2+3)

36
Q

where is adductor longus?

A

body of pubis –> middle 1/3rd linea aspera

37
Q

what is the function of adductor longus?

A

adduct thigh

38
Q

what innervates adductor longus?

A

obturator (L2-4)

39
Q

where is adductor brevis?

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis –> pectineal line and proximal linea aspera

40
Q

what is the function of adductor brevis?

A

adduct thigh

may assist flexion

41
Q

what innervates adductor brevis?

A

obturator (L2-4)

42
Q

where is adductor magnus?

A

ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity –> linea aspera, medial side of supracondylar line and adductor tubercle

43
Q

what is the function of adductor magnus?

A

adducts thigh

adductor part flexes and hamstring part extends thigh

44
Q

what innervates adductor magnus?

A

obturator nerve (L2-4)

45
Q

where is the adductor canal found?

A

from the apex of femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus

underlies the distal half of sartorius

46
Q

what are the boundaries of the adductor canal?

A

sartorius
vastus medialis
adductor longus

47
Q

what passes through the adductor canal?

A

femoral vessels

48
Q

what muscles are found in the posterior thigh?

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

49
Q

what three muscles form the hamstrings?

A

semiteninosus
semimebranosus
biceps femoris

50
Q

what is the movement of the muscles of the posterior thigh?

A

extend the hip, flex the knee and slow down the anterior movement of the lower limb during walking

51
Q

where is semitendiosus?

A

ischial tuberosity –> medial surface of superior tibia

52
Q

what innervates semitendinosus?

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

53
Q

where is semimembranosus?

A

ischial tuberoisty –> posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

54
Q

what innervates semimembranosus?

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

55
Q

where is biceps femoris?

A

ischial tuberoisty (long head) and linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur (short head) –> head of fibula

56
Q

what innervates the long head of biceps femoris?

A

tibial division of sciatic (L5-S2)

57
Q

what innervates the short head of biceps femoris?

A

common peroneal division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

58
Q

what causes lateral rotation of the knee?

A

biceps femoris

59
Q

what causes medial rotation of the knee?

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis and sartorius

60
Q

what forms the roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

deep fascia, pierced by the sural nerve and short saphenous vein

61
Q

what forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

popliteal surface of femur, capsule of knee joint, popliteus muscle, oblique popliteal ligament and middle genicular vessels

62
Q

what is the oblique popliteal ligament formed from and what is it’s role?

A

expansion of semimembranosus, reinforced the knee joint capsule

63
Q

what pierces the joint capsule to supply the cruciate ligament?

A

middle genicular vessels

64
Q

what forms the superior boundary of popliteal fossa?

A

diverging tendons of hamstrings - biceps femoris laterally and semimembranosus and semitendinosus medially

65
Q

what forms the inferior boundary of popliteal fossa?

A

medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

66
Q

what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

popliteal artery and vein

terminal branches of sciatic nerve (tibial and common peroneal nerves)

Gross Anatomy 2 (16 decks)

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