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Endocrinology > The Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

The Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 principle organisers of the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus and the PG

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2
Q

How is the PG connected to the hypothalalmus?

A

Infundibulum

Pituitary stalk

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3
Q

Is the hypothalamus neuro or endocrine tissue?

A

Neuro

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4
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Below the thalamus

At the base of the brain `

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5
Q

In which bones does the PG sit?

A

Sphenoid bone

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6
Q

What are the 2 parts of the PG?

A

Anterior PG

Posterior PG

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7
Q

What type of tissue is the Posterior PG?

A

Neuro

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8
Q

What type of tissue is the anterior PG?

A

Endocrine

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9
Q

What is the posterior PG a continuation of?

A

The hypothalamus

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10
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

Hormones which govern the release of another hormone

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11
Q

What type of hormones does the hypothalamus release?

A

Neurohormones

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12
Q

Where do the hormones from the hypothalamus travel down to?

A

Posterior PG

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13
Q

Where are hormones stored in the posterior PG?

A

In vesicles

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14
Q

Which hormones are released from the anterior PG?

A

Classic endocrine hormones

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15
Q

What are the 2 forms of hypothalamic hormones?

A

Tropic

Non-tropic

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16
Q

Where do tropic hormones travel from the hypothalamus?

A

Secreted into the capillaries traveling to anterior PG- bind to receptors on the anterior PG - govern the release of anterior PG hormones

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17
Q

Where do non-tropic hormones travel from the hypothalamus?

A

Travel to the posterior PG where they are released into the blood

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18
Q

What type of hormones are all hypothalamic hormones except from dopamine?

A

Peptides

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19
Q

What are the 5 releasing hypothalamic hormones?

A 
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) 
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) 
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone(GHRH)
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) 
Prolactin Releasing Hormone (PRH)
20
Q

What are the 2 hypothalamic inhibiting hormones?

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone

Dopamine (prolactin inhibiting hormone)

21
Q

What is the hypophyseal portal system?

A

Network of tiny vessels which transfer trophic hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior PG

22
Q

How is the anterior PG connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Via the hypophyseal portal system

23
Q

What % does the anterior and posterior PG make up?

A

Anterior - 66%

Posterior - 33%

24
Q

What is the production of anterior PG hormones controlled by?

A

Hormone release from the hypothalamus

25
Q

Which hormones are released from the anterior PG?

A 
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone 
FSH 
LH 
Growth hormone 
Prolactin
26
Q

Which is the only hormone from the anterior PG to have a direct effect?

A

Prolactin

27
Q

What does prolactin stimulate?

A

Milk production during lactation

28
Q

What are the 3 integration centres in controlling anterior PG feedback?

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior PG
Target endocrine tissue

29
Q

What is a long loop feedback?

A

When the feedback comes from the endocrine target tissue

30
Q

What is a short loop feedback?

A

When the feedback is from the anterior PG to the hypothalamus

31
Q

What often acts as the negative feedback signal?

A

The hormone itself

32
Q

What are the 2 peptide neurohormones released from the posterior PG?

A

Vasopressin (ADH)

Oxytocin

33
Q

Where are neurohormones synthesised?

A

In magnocellular neurons

34
Q

Where do axons project from the hypothalamus?

A

Down the infundibulum to the posterior PG

35
Q

In what ways do oxytocin and vasopressin behave as normal peptide hormones?

A

They are synthesised in advance
Stored in large vesicles
Target cell surface receptors

36
Q

What is the main function of ADH/vasopressin?

A

To regulate water balance

37
Q

When is vasopressin release triggered?

A

When there is an increase in plasma osmolarity

Or decrease in plasma volume

38
Q

What is the action of ADH?

A

Increases water reabsorption

Increases BP

39
Q

What is the main function of oxytocin?

A

Milk ejection

Uterine contraction

40
Q

When is oxytocin released?

A

By babies head in contact with the cervix

Suckling of baby on nipple

41
Q

What is hyposecretion?

A

Too little hormone secreted

42
Q

What is hypersecretion?

A

Too much hormone secreted

43
Q

What is hyporesponsiveness?

A

When there is reduced response of the target cell

44
Q

What is hyperresponsiveness?

A

Increased response of the target cell

45
Q

What are primary disorders?

A

When there is a defect in the cells that secrete the hormone

46
Q

What are secondary disorders?

A

When there is too little or too much tropic hormone from the pituitary gland

47
Q

What are tertiary disorders related to?

A

Hypothalamic defects

Endocrinology (19 decks)

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