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Microbiology > Midterm 2 - chapter 11 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 - chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the result of Rickettsia?

A

Result: spotted fever, damage to permeability of blood capillaries, endocarditis, could be lethal.

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2
Q

What are the Beta proteobacteria?

A

Bordetella pertussis, and Neisseria (gonorrhea and meningitidis)

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3
Q

What type of flagella does Pseudomonas aeruginosa have?

A

Monotrichous or lopotrichous flagella.

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4
Q

What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause?

A

Causes: blue green pus infection in burn patients, UTIs, blood infections, abscesses, and conjunctivitis.

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5
Q

Where can Pseudomonas aeruginosa grow?

A

Can grow in antibiotics, antiseptics, quarternary ammonium compounds, and in food as they are psychotrophs.

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6
Q

What are Psedomonas aeruginosa?

A

Aerobic rods.

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7
Q

What shape are moraxella lacunata?

A

Aerobic coccobacilli

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8
Q

What does Moraxella lacunata cause?

A

causes pink eye.

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9
Q

What are the Legionellas?

A

They are Legionella and Coxiella,

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10
Q

How is legionella pneumophilia spread?

A

In water. Found in streams, water supply lines, AC units, shower heads and water fountains.

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11
Q

What does L. pneumophilia cause?

A

Causes: pneumonia, pontiac fever, and Legionaire’s disease.

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12
Q

What is special about Coxiella burnetti?

A

It forms endospores

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13
Q

What does C. burnetti cause?

A

Causes Q- fever

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14
Q

How is C. burnetti spread?

A

Through milk, and animals and their placenta.

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15
Q

What are Vibrio cholera?

A

They are facultative anaerobic (or aerobic) rods that are slightly curved

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16
Q

How is V. cholera spread and what does it cause?

A

Spread through fecal matter and causes diarrhea.

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17
Q

What applies to all Enterobacteriales?

A

They are all:

  • facultatively anarobic rods
  • Have peritrichous flagella
  • have pili and fimbriae
  • Produce small protein molecules (bacteriocins) that cause lysis of other bacteria
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18
Q

What are they Enterobacteriales?

A

They are E. coli, S. typhi, S. enterica and shigella

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19
Q

What are E. coli often called?

A

Lab pets

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20
Q

What does E. coli cause?

A

Traveler’s diarrhea, 75% of UTIs, and very serious food borne disease.

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21
Q

Will staining work on S. typhi?

A

No, staining will not work. You have to use a culture.

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22
Q

What toxin does shigella produce and what does it do?

A

Produces Shiga toxin, which breaks apart the intestine and leaves a scar.

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23
Q

Where can H. influenzae be found?

A

Inhabit mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina and intestines.

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24
Q

What is special about the culture medium used with H. influenzae and why?

A

It requires blood in culture medium because they are missing their NAD/NADP, which our blood provides to them. They are also unable to synthesize parts needed for respiration. They obtain these substances from heme fraction (X-factor). They need a chocolate agar plate.

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25
Q

What does H. influenzae cause?

A

Meningitis in children, earaches, septic arthritis in children, bronchitis and pneumonia.

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26
Q

What is significant about the Epsilon proteobacteria shape?

A

They are slender vibrio rods that are curved or helical.

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27
Q

What kind of flagella does C. jejuni have?

A

Monotrichous.

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28
Q

What kind of flagella does H. pylori have?

A

Peritrichous.

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29
Q

What is the life cycle of the Non-proteobacteria Chlamydia trachomitis?

A
  1. Elementary body attaches to host cell
  2. Host cell phagocytizes EB into vacuole
  3. EB reorganizes to form reticulate body
  4. RB divides, producing multiple RBs
  5. RBs convert back to EB
  6. EB is released from host cell
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30
Q

Describe Fusobacterium

A

They are rods with pointy ends. They are obligate anaerobes and they cause gingivitis.

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31
Q

What is special about spirochaetes?

A

They have an axial fillament.

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32
Q

What are the firmiculites?

A

They are: clostridiales, Bacillales, Lactobacillales, and Mycoplasmatales.

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33
Q

What is special about the shape of clostridium?

A

They are rod shaped but form endospores on the corner of the rod resulting in a lollipop shape.

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34
Q

Where is clostridium abundant?

A

It is abundant in soil.

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35
Q

What is special about the Bacillale, Bacillus anthracis?

A

It forms endospores but does not change the shape of its rod.

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36
Q

What shape is Staphylococcus aureus, and are they aerobic/anaerobic?

A

They are facultatively anaerobic rods.

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37
Q

What is special about S. aureus?

A

They form yellow colonies and are always in a cluster.

38
Q

How does S. aureus need to be grown?

A

In manitol salt agar.

39
Q

What does S. aureus cause?

A

Causes skin infections, TSS, and produces enterotoxin (food poisoning)

40
Q

What is Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

It is a natural flora that keep skin healthy.

41
Q

What is Lactobaciilus?

A

They are obligate fermentors or aerotolerant anaerobes.

42
Q

Where are Lactobacillus located?

A

In the vagina, intestinal tract and oral cavity.

43
Q

How does lactobaccilus keep the vagina clean?

A

It ferments glycogen which comes from estrogen. This keeps vaginal region sterile.

44
Q

What is the arrangement of Sreptococcus pyogens?

A

It is in a chain like arrangement

45
Q

Is Streptococcus pyogens Beta or Alpha Hemolytic?

A

It is Beta hemolytic because it produces a hemolysin that forms a clear zone of hemolysis around blood agar.

46
Q

What does streptococcus pyogens cause?

A

It causes strep throat, scarlet fever, pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever, and brights disease (kidney failure)

47
Q

What does Streptococcus pyogens have instead of a capsule and what does this mean?

A

It has M-Protein instead of a capsule, this allows it to escape phagocytosis.

48
Q

Is Streptococcus pneumoniae Beta or Alpha hemolytic and what does this mean?

A

It is Alpha hemolytic because when grown in blood agar it shows a distinctive greening. This represents the partial destruction of RBCs. This is due to bacteria produced by hydrogen peroxide. It only appears in the presence of oxygen.

49
Q

What change to Hb does S. pnuemoniae cause?

A

Changes it into Meth Hb.

50
Q

Where do Listeria monocytogenes grow?

A

in monocytes

51
Q

What does Listeria monocytogenes cause?

A

causes meningitis in immune suppressed patients, infects pregnant women and causes stillbirth or serious damage.

52
Q

Where can Listeria monocytogenes grow?

A

in cold cuts, premade salads, soft cheese or any processed foods.

53
Q

Where are Enterococcus (E. faecium and E. faecalis) found?

A

In areas that are high in nutrients but low in oxygen. They are found in human stool, bedding, and dust particles.

54
Q

What do Enterococcus cause?

A

Mostly nosocomial infections in surgical wounds and cause UTIs around catheters.

55
Q

What is special about Mycoplasmatales (M. pneumoniae)?

A

They are pleomorphic because they have no cell wall. Their plasma membrane has sterols.

56
Q

What does M. pnemoniae cause and how is it treated?

A

Causes mild pneumonia treated with tetracyclin.

57
Q

What is special about Mycobacterium (M. tuberculosis and M. leprae)?

A

Their lipopolysacharide layer is replaced with mycolic acid, a waxy water resistant layer.

58
Q

What is special about the growth rate of mycobacterium?

A

They have a slow growth rate because nutrients enter slowly. You could see no colonies for 4-6 weeks. This means they are more likely to become pathogens

59
Q

What stain is used with Mycobacterium?

A

They use an acidfast stain. Positive would be red and negative would be blue.

60
Q

What is the arrangement of Corynebacterium diptheria?

A

They are pleomorphic and in a pallisade arrangement.

61
Q

What do the granules in Corynebacterium do?

A

They reflect light because they store phosphorous for growth purposes.

62
Q

What does Propionobacterium do?

A

They form propionic acid. This helps ferment swiss cheese. The holes are due to the CO2 end product.

63
Q

How is Rickettsia spread?

A

insect and tick bites

64
Q

What is Ricksettia?

A

rod-shaped or coccobacili parasite.

65
Q

How does Ricksettia enter?

A

by phagocytosis.

66
Q

What are the non-proteobacteria?

A

Chlamydia, bacteriodetes, Fusobacteria, and spirochaetes.

67
Q

What do Bacteroides cause?

A

Cause gingivitis and peritonits.

68
Q

What are the Psudomonodales?

A

They are a Gamma proteobacteria. They include Psudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella lacunata.

69
Q

What are Legionellales?

A

Gram Negative Gamma proteobacteria. They include Legionella pneumophilia, and Coxiella burnetii

70
Q

what group does Haemophilus influenzae belong to?

A

They are Gram Negative gamma proteobacteria and they are pasteuralles.

71
Q

What does Shigella cause?

A

Dysentary

72
Q

What does C. jejuni cause?

A

gastroentritis, a foodborne intestinal disease.

73
Q

What does H. pylori cause?

A

peptic ulcers and stomach cancer

74
Q

What group do Campilobacteria and Helicobacter belong to?

A

Epsilon proteobacteria.

75
Q

Firmiculites

A

-Gram positive
-Low G+C ratio
Include: clostridiales, bacillales, Lactobacilalles, and mycoplasmatales

76
Q

Actinobacteria

A
  • Gram positive
  • High G+C ratio
  • Include: mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, and propionobacterium.
77
Q

Lactobacillus, Sterptococcus, Listeria and enterococcus are all:

A

Lactobacillales

78
Q

The shape of Streptococcus pneumoniae is:

A

diplococcus

79
Q

Does Streptococcus have a capsule?

A

yes

80
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is a type of:

A

Bacillale

81
Q

the arrangement of S. mutans is:

A

chain-like

82
Q

Where can S. mutans grow?

A

in a sucrose solution

83
Q

Which bacteria has a fried egg appearance?

A

Mycoplasmatale pneumoniae

84
Q

Which group has a slow growth rate?

A

The mycobacterium

85
Q

Where does Ricksettia enter?

A

the cardiovascular system

86
Q

N. gonorrhea has_______ for attachment?

A

Capsule and fimbriae

87
Q

Both the Neissera are?

A

cocci shaped

88
Q

What causes typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella

89
Q

Is H. influenzae motile?

A

no

90
Q

Shigella is found only in:

A

Humans

91
Q

What applies to all epsilonproteobacteria?

A
  • Slender vibrio rods (curved or helical)
  • Have flagella
  • Microaerophilic

Microbiology (9 decks)

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