Midterm 2 - Chapter 15 Flashcards
Pathogenicity
ability to cause disease
Virulence
degree of pathogenicity
Role of healthcare professional
- Control the spread of infection
2. Devise treatment plans to mitigate further spread
Parental route
- Deposited microorganisms directly into tissues or into mucous membranes
- All basic protective units are bypassed
- Punctures, injection sites, surgery
- Tetanus, gangrene, HIV, Hep
Adherence
- A pathogen’s means of attaching themselves to host tissues at their portal of entry
- A necessary step
- Establishes disease, helps invasion
What does the host cell use for adherence?
- Surface receptors that are sugar molecules ( fucose or mannose but never glucose!)
- They are present on cell membrane
What does the pathogen use for adherence?
- Adhesins, either glycoproteins or lipoproteins
- Present on glycocalyx, pili, fimbriae and/or flagella
What does E. coli use for attachment?
Uses fimbriae to attach to urinary tract. Causes UTI.
Exoenzymes
- Coagulase
- Kinase
- Hylarunidase
- Collagenase
Coagulase
Artificially clots blood by converting fibrinogen into fibrin.
- Protects bacteria from phagocytosis and isolates from defences of host
Ex: S. aureus and some streptococcus
Kinase
- Breaks down fibrin and digests clots
Ex: most streptococcus and some staphylococcus.
Hyaluronidase
- Hydrolyzes hyluronic acid
- HA is found in connective tissue, muscle tissue and skin
- Muscle and tissue start to fall apart
- Blackening of overlying skin
- Infection will spread
Ex: Clostridium perfringes and S. pyogenes
Collagenase
-Destroys collagen
Ex: C. perfringes (causes gangrene)
In what type of bacteria are exotoxins produces?
Mostly gram positive
What are exotoxins made of?
proteins
Do exotoxins produce fever?
No