Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OD1 - Integrated Ophthalmic Sciences & Preclinical Optometry > BS - Uvea - Week 2 > Flashcards

BS - Uvea - Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the choroid begin?

A

Begins where the ciliary body ends.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of ciliary bodies?

A

Production of aqueous humour for nutrition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pars plicata?

A

It surrounds the ciliary processes, responsible for aqueous humour production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the pars plicata attach to?

A

To the lens via zonules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pars plana, and what does it merge with? What is the border of mergence called?

A

Connects to the pars plicata inward, and merges with the retina. The border of pars plana and retina is called the ora serrata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the favoured site for surgical injection to the eye, and why?

A

Ora serrata, as its least likely to be injured.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the ciliary process epithelium.

A

It is double layered, in contact with the aqueous humour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is the inner epithelium of the ciliary processes pigmented?

A

No, only the outer epithelium is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the newly made aqueous humour released, and where does it go?

A

Released into the posterior chamber, and travels up, around the lens, and through the pupil, into the anterior chamber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the inner layer of the epithelium of ciliary processes continuous with?

A

Neural retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the outer pigmented layer of the epithelium of ciliary processes continuous with?

A

RPE and iris.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What surrounds the outer epithelium of the ciliary processes?

A

The inner non-pigmented layer.
Inner surrounds outer.
Inner is non-pigmented, outer is pigmented.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the ciliary stroma border?

A

The ciliary muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What covers the ciliary stroma?

A

Ciliary epithelium layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is the ciliary stroma vascular or avascular?

A

Richly vascularised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are pigmented cells present in the ciliary stroma?

A

Yes, melanocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are fibroblasts present in the ciliary stroma?

A

Yes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What immune cells can eb found in the ciliary stroma?

A

Mast cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the three ciliary muscles beginning with the most superficial. Which has the main bulk?

A

Longitudinal fibres - forms main bulk
Oblique fibres
Circular fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the ciliary muscles runs parallel with the sclera?

A

Longitudinal fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During accommodation, which surface of the lens changes more, anterior or posterior?

A

Anterior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens to the lens with age?

A

Thickens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens when you accommodate?

A

Ciliary muscles contract, which loosen the zonules, and allow the lens to increase in curvature.
When relaxed, zonules tighten, and pull the lens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Do ciliary muscles receive mainly sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation?

A

Parasympathetic system.

Sympathetic - 1-2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscles, including the receptor, nerve pathway, and cranial nerve if applicable.

A 
Receptor - muscurinic receptors
To - the midbrain
Via - ciliary ganglion
Nerve - short posterior ciliary nerve
Cranial nerve III, inferior division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscles, including the receptor, nerve pathway, and cranial nerve if applicable.

A 
Receptor - β2 adrenergic receptors
To - the midbrain
Via - superior cervical ganglion
Nerve - long ciliary nerve
Cranial nerve III, inferior division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What vessels supply blood to the ciliary bodies?

A

Long posterior ciliary arteries

Anterior ciliary arteries

28
Q

How do anterior ciliary arteries reach the ciliary bodies? What about the long posterior ciliary arteries?

A

They travel via the extraoccular muscles

Long posterior ciliary arteries travel between the sclera and the choroid.

29
Q

What do the anterior ciliary arteries and long posterior ciliary arteries form?

A

Major arterial circle.

30
Q

Describe the choroid, its colour, and its four main layers.

A 
Thin inner brown lining of the sclera
Suprachoroid
Stroma
Choriocapillaris
Bruch's membrane
31
Q

Where does the choroid cover?

A

From the optic nerve, to the ciliary bodies.

32
Q

What is another name for the suprachoroid, and what kind of tissue is it? What arteries and cells are found here?

A

Lamina fusca
Is loose connective tissue
Long and short posterior ciliary arteries move into this space
Melanocytes are found here

33
Q

Describe the two layers of the choroid stroma. Arteries (P/A CA) run here, describe what happens to arterial diameters.

A

Haller’s layer - outer layer, with larger diameter arteries

Sattler’s layer - inner layer, middle/medium-sized arteriolar branches

34
Q

Describe the choriocapillaris. Where is its greatest density?

A

Large fenestrated capillary bed. Greatest density in the macular region.

35
Q

What layerchoroid layer is closest to the retina?

A

Choriocapillaris

36
Q

Where are vortex veins found, and how many does each eye have?

A

Found in the choriocapillaris, 4 per eye, one for each quadrant.

37
Q

Where can bruch’s membrane be found?

A

Between the choroid and RPE.

38
Q

Describe the 5 layers of bruchs membrane.

A 
RPE basement membrane
Inner layer of collagen
Meshwork of eastic fibres
Outer layer of collagen
Endothelial basement membrane
39
Q

Where does drusen develop, and what is it a precursor to?

A

Develops between the RPE basement membrane and the inner collagen layer.
Precursor to AMD.

40
Q

How does Bruchs membrane appear with age?

A

Takes on a patchy appearance with age., and thickens.

41
Q

What happens to choroidal vessels with age?

A

Arteriosclerosis >60 years.

42
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

A

Iris

43
Q

Where does the iris insert into?

A

Ciliary body - iris root

44
Q

What is the free edge of the iris called?

A

Pupillary margin

45
Q

What are the embryological origins of the iris?

A

Stroma - mesoderm

Muscles, epithelium - ectoderm

46
Q

Is the iris pigmented anteriorly or posteriorly?

A

Posteriorly.

47
Q

Describe crypts of Fuch, and their function.

A

Openings on the anterior surface of the iris, allowing deeper structures to be bathed in aqueous humour.

48
Q

What is the pupillary ruff?

A

Continuation of the posterior pigmented layer over the edge of the pupil anteriorly.

49
Q

What are collarettes?

A

Divides the pupil into zones.

50
Q

What are contraction furrows?

A

Ridges in the periphery that deepen as the pupil dilates.

51
Q

Describe the posterior surface of the iris surface. What structure is found close to the pupillary zone?

A

A series of radial contraction folds are found close to the pupillary zone called Schwalbes folds. To the periphery of this are the circular contraction folds.

52
Q

Does the anterior border of the iris have an epithelium?

A

No

53
Q

Is the stroma of the iris vascularised?

A

Yes

54
Q

Describe the pigmented epithelium of the iris.

A

Composed of 2 layers of cells, densely packed with melanin.

55
Q

Where are sphincter pupillae found, what kind of muscle is it, and what nerve innervates it?

A

Found in the pupillary zone, is a smooth muscle, and receives parasympathetic supply from SPCN CNIII.

56
Q

Define meiosis.

A

Pupillary constriction.

57
Q

Define mydriasis.

A

Pupillary dilation.

58
Q

Where are dilator pupillae found, what kind of muscle is it, and what nerve innervates it?

A

Found in the periphery of the iris, and gradually diminishes until the mid-portion od sphincter muscles.
Innervated by sympathetic supply via LPCN.

59
Q

What does eye colour depend on?

A

Amount of melanin in the epithelium.

60
Q

What colour are infant eyes?

A

Born light, gradually darkens with melanin deposition.

61
Q

How is melanin found in the iris?

A

In bundles of melanosomes.

62
Q

What kind of receptors and neurotransmitters are used for iris innervation?

A

Acetylcholine neurotransmitter

Muscurinic or nicotinic receptors

63
Q

The nerve pathway for sympathetic innervation to the iris follows what?

A

The carotid plexus.

64
Q

Where does sensory innervation to the iris originate from? Name each nerve branch.

A

Ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Continues as nasociliary nerve.
Follows the long ciliary nerve.

65
Q

Consider dilating drops, what chemicals would be needed to target sympathetic/parasympathetic innervation? Mention if it increases or decreases activity.

A

Increased sympathetic activity - Sympathomimetic

Decreased parasympathetic activity - antimuscurinics

66
Q

Consider constricting drops. What chemicals would be needed to target sympathetic/parasympathetic innervation? Mention if it increases or decreases activity.

A

Increased parasympathetic activity - muscurinic agonists

67
Q

How many arterial circles are formed?

A

One major to the periphery, one minor closer to the centre.

OD1 - Integrated Ophthalmic Sciences & Preclinical Optometry (123 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions