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NEURO > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12 pains

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2
Q

what are the 5 types of cranial nerves

A
  1. somatic motor fibres
  2. visceral motor fibres
  3. visceral sensory
  4. general sensory
  5. special sensory
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3
Q

what do somatic motor fibres do

A

supply striated muscle

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4
Q

what do visceral motor fibres do

A

supply smooth muscle and glands (cranial division of parasympathetic)

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5
Q

what do visceral sensory fibres do

A

afferent inputs from pharynx, larynx, heart, lung, gut, etc - i.e. not normally conscious

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6
Q

what do general sensory fibres do

A

afferent inputs from skin and much membranes e.g. touch, temperature, pain

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7
Q

what do special sensory fibres do

A

special sense - taste, smell, vision, hearing and balance

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8
Q

where is parasympathetic outflow

A

cranial, sacral

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9
Q

where is sympathetic outflow

A

thoracic

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10
Q

where is visceral sensory input

A

baroreceptor, chemoreceptor

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11
Q

where are the cell bodies of sensory (afferent) fibres

A

dorsal root ganglion - outside the CNS

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12
Q

where are the cell bodies of somatic motor (efferent) fibres

A

in the CNS - continuous until terminal axon

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13
Q

where are the cell bodies of autonomic (efferent) fibres

A

in the CNS - as well as along the chain to terminal

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14
Q

what is the first cranial nerve

A

olfactory

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15
Q

what is the CNI pathway

A

receptors in olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity - passes through foraminifera in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone - enters olfactory bulb in anterior cranial fossa

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16
Q

what are the CNI components

A

special sensory - smell

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17
Q

what are the clinical aspects of CNI

A

fractured cribriform plate may tear olfactory nerve fibres causing anosmia

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18
Q

what is the second cranial nerve

A

optic

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19
Q

what is the CNII pathway

A

enter via optic canal - join to form the optic chiasm - fibres from medial (nasal) half of each retina cross to form the optic tract

20
Q

what are the CNII components

A

special sensory - vision

21
Q

what are the clinical aspects of CNII

A

increase in CSF pressure can cause papilloedema - section of right optic nerve causes blindness through right eye - section of optic chiasm causes loss of peripheral vision (bitemporal hemianopia) = section of right optic tract causes blindness in left temporal and right nasal fields (left homonymous hemianopsia)

22
Q

what is the third cranial nerve

A

oculomotor

23
Q

what is the pathway of CNIII

A

emerges from midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure

24
Q

what are the CNIII components

A

somatic motor - extraocular muscles and eyelid

visceral/autonomic motor - parasympathetic to pupil causing constriction and to ciliary muscle casuign accommodation of the lens

25
Q

what are the clinical aspects of CNIII

A

drooping of upper eyelid (ptosis)
eyeball abducted and pointing down
no pupillary reflex
no accommodation of the lens

26
Q

what is the fourth cranial nerve

A

trochlear

27
Q

what is the pathway of CNIV

A

emerges from dorsal surface of the mid brain and exits via the superior orbital fissure

28
Q

what are the components of CNIV

A

somatic motor - extraocular muscle - SUPERIOR OBLIQUE - turns eye downwards

29
Q

what is the clinical application of CNIV

A

diplopia when looking down

30
Q

what is the fifth cranial nerve (and what are its three branches)

A

trigeminal:
V1 - opthalamic
V2 - maxillary
V3 - mandibular

31
Q

what is the pathway of CNV1

A

emerges from the pons - travels through the bigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure

32
Q

what are the components of CNV1

A

general sensory - from cornea, forehead, scale, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses

33
Q

what is the pathway of CNV2

A

emerges from the pons - travels through the trigeminal ganglion - exits via the foramen rotundum

34
Q

what are the components of CNV2

A

general sensory - from face over maxilla, maxillary teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses and palate

35
Q

what is the pathway of CNV3

A

emerges from the pons - travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen ovale

36
Q

what are the components of the CNV3

A

general sensory - from the face over the mandible, mandibular teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth and anterior 2/3rds of tongue

sensory motor - muscles of mastication, part of digastric, tensor veli palatinin and tensor tympani

37
Q

what are the clinical aspects of CNV1,2,3

A

paralysis of muscles of mastication, loss of corneal or sneezing reflex, loss of sensation in the face, trigeminal neuralgia (light touch is perceived as painful)

38
Q

what is is the sixth cranial nerve

A

abducent

39
Q

what is the pathway of CNVI

A

emerges between the pons and medulla and exits via the superior orbital fissure

40
Q

what are the components of CNVI

A

somatic motor - extraocular muscle (LATERAL RECTUS - abducts the eye)

41
Q

what are the clinical aspects of CNVI

A

medial deviation of the affected eye causing diplopia

42
Q

what is the seventh cranial nerve

A

facial

43
Q

what is the pathway of CNVII

A

emerges between the pons and medulla dn exits via internal acoustic meatus, cranial stylomastoid foramen

44
Q

what are the components of CNVII

A

somatic motor - muscles of facial expression and scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of digastric muscle

visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose and palate

special sensory - taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue and soft palate

general sensory - from external acoustic meatus

45
Q

what are the clinical aspects of CNVII

A

most frequently injured - due to long pathway through bone

Bells palsy - cannot frown, close eyelid or bare teeth

NEURO (51 decks)

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