Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
1
Q
- used and abused to increase wakefulness, attention, and physical performance, also anorexogenics
- caffeine (adenosine antagonist), nicotine agonist (relaxation, increased alertness
A
stimulants
2
Q
antidepressant used for smoking cessation
A
buproprion
3
Q
nicotinic partial agonist, smoking cessation
A
varenicline
4
Q
- stimulate sympathetic nervous system, increase wakefulness and attention
- pupil dilation, reinforcing euphoric effects and addictive potential due to stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine system
A
sympathomimetics/psychostimulants
5
Q
- inhibits dopamine reuptake, and norepi and serotonin
- short duration of action
- less associated with tolerance than other addictive drugs, but cravings strong
- increases risk of intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, MI, arrhythmias, and seizures
- used as topical local anesthetic for mucous membranes
A
cocaine
6
Q
- releases and blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepi, and serotonin
- dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxin
- tolerance can lead to dose escalation
- long term use can lead to psychosis
- withdrawal: dysphoria, drowsiness, insomnia, irritability
- used for ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity
A
d-amphetamine
methamphetamine
7
Q
- amphetamine derivative w/ greater serotonergic activity (positive mood, empathy, extraversion, sensory awareness)
- hallucinogenic effects
- tolerance with repeated use
- jaw clenching, tachy, muscle aches, hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome
- withdrawal: depression, increased aggression
A
MDMA, ecstasy
8
Q
- alter cognition and perception (visual hallucinations, perceptual disturbances, intellectual insights, paranoia)
- pupil dilation, nausea
- increased glutamate release in cortex
- rapid tolerance, no addiction
- LSD, mescaline, psilocybin
A
psychedelic hallucinogens
9
Q
- feeling of disconnection from the body, hallucinations, emotional withdrawal, impaired memory
- noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, binds specific site in NMDA receptor ion channel, acts at sigma site, no physiologic dependence
- phencylcidine, ketamine
A
dissociative hallucinogens
10
Q
phenycyclidine, ketamine
A
dissociative hallucinogens
11
Q
- euphoria, relaxation, giddiness
- increased appetite, antiemetic
- decrease intraocular pressure
- dose dependent drowsiness and diminished coordination
- stimulation of CNS receptor, immune modulation
A
cannabinoids
12
Q
accumulates in adipose, detectable in urine for 3 weeks after cessation
A
THC
13
Q
nonpsychoactive, anticonvulsant
A
cannabidiol
14
Q
- complete CNS depressant
- decreases anxiety, removes inhibitions, lengthens reaction time
- directly irritating to GI mucosa
- vasodilation, decrease in BP
- cirrhosis
- crosses BBB and placenta
- hepatic metabolism
A
ethanol
15
Q
- coma, hypothermia, decreased respiration, vomiting
- hallucinosis, paranoid
- withdrawal: seizures, tremors, treat w/ benzodiazepines
- Wernicke Korsakoff due to thiamine deficiency
- cirrhosis of liver
A
ethanol toxicity
