Development of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

there are initially 3 vesicles name them?

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

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2
Q

these vesicles need to bend to fit the skull, name the bends?

A

cervical fissure (between the spinal cord and the rhombencephalon) and the cephalic flexure (between the rhombencephalon and the mesencephalon)

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3
Q

the rhombencephalon splits into the?

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

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4
Q

the prosencephalon splits into the?

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

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5
Q

the 4th ventricle comes form? the 3rd ventricle comes from?, the two lateral ventricles come from? What ventricle is missing from here?

A

the rhombencephalon. the diencephalon. from the telencephalon. the mesenephric aqueduct of silvias

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6
Q

the purpose of the ventricular system is?

A

to produce CSF whoch fills the ventricles and the sub arachnoid space

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7
Q

the brain stem is made of 3 parts, name them

A

medulla oblongata (from the myencephalon), the pons (metencephalon), the mesencephalon

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8
Q

the location of the cerebellum compared to the brain stem is? It comes from?

A

it is dorsal to the brain stem, it comes from the myencephalon

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9
Q

where is 4th ventricle ?

A

between the brain stem and the cerebellum

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10
Q

how many cranial nerves are located in the brain stem?

A

10 out 12

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11
Q

what are the 7 territories of the brain?

A

somatic, visceral, special visceral, special somatic sensory, somatic/brachial/visceral motor

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12
Q

what undergoes the book like opening?

A

the rhombencephalon, the metencephalon fully opens and the mylenephalon partially opens

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13
Q

the basal plates and alar plates change direction from what to what? This opening causes the formation of?

A

ventral and dorsal to medial and lateral. it causes the formation of ventricle 4th

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14
Q

the roof palate if the 4th ventricle connects with the?

A

pia mater and this forms the tele coroidea where the CSF will be synthesized

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15
Q

most of the specific nuclei of the brain stem derive from which plate?

A

the alar plate

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16
Q

does the mesencephalic vesicle undergo the book like opening ?

A

no, the alar and basal plates fragment, the cavity shrinks ans becomes the aqueduct of silvias

17
Q

the aqueduct of silvias is the connection between?

A

the 4th and 3rd ventricle

18
Q

where does the tectum of the midbrain form?

A

dorsal to the midbrain

19
Q

the metencephalis vesicle and the mylencephalic vesicle open how?

A

the metencephalic vesicle opens to along the whole length, th mylencephalon opens only in the rostral region

20
Q

where is CSF made?

A

chordoid plexuses in the ventricles of th brain

21
Q

how is the tele choroidea formed?

A

the roof plate is stretched and becomes a very thin atrophic tissue forming ependymal layer, the overlying pia mater fuses with this ependymal layer

22
Q

the CSF is a filtrate of blood, where is the blood filtered?

A

the pia mater gets heavily vascularized and forms a capillary glomeruli that etend into the ventricular cavity

23
Q

what is the coroid plexus?

A

is the region of the tele coroidea where the capillary glomeruli protrude into the ventricular cavity

24
Q

where does the cerebellum come from?

A

it derives form the alar plate of the metencephalic vesicle and it is found behind the brain stem, it covers the roof of the 4th ventricle

25
Q

the components of the cerebellum are?

A

the medial part called VERMIS and the 2 lateral cerebellar hemispheres. it is divided into 3 lobes: anterior, posterior, flocculonodular lobes.

26
Q

the flocculonodular is made of?

A

a cortex which has both white and gray matter, and gray matter from which deep cerebellar nuclei form

27
Q

the telencephalon divides into?

A

the telencephalic hemispheres

28
Q

what happens to the telencephalic vesicles?

A

they grow and bend superiorly and move towards theoccipital bone and acquire a C shaped appearance to cover the diencephalon

29
Q

the 3rd ventricle is contained in the?

A

diencephalon

30
Q

The thalamus and the hypothalamus come from

A

The diencephalon (alar plate forms thalamus and basal plate forms the hypothalamus)

31
Q

The area above the sulcus limitans is the thalamus and what is the metathalamus

A

They are 2 regions beside the thalamus on th3 right and left

32
Q

Talk about the subthalamus

A

It is lateral and posterior to the thalamus and is connected to the midbrain

33
Q

What is the Tele coroidea and the epithalamus

A

The anterior roof of diencephalon becomes very thin and and forms the Tele coroidea which contains the coroid vessels. The posterior roof palate becomes the epithalamus (pineal gland comes from here)