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Year 1 Semester 2 > The cerebellum and the brainstem > Flashcards

The cerebellum and the brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the brainstem

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain (mesencephalon)

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2
Q

What is the location of the cerebellum

A

On top of the fourth ventricle

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3
Q

The medulla oblongata has 2 parts name them

A

The closed caudal part and the open cranial part that forms part of the roof of the fourth ventricle

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4
Q

The brain stem and the cerebellum lie in ?

A

The posterior fossa, which is delimited by transverse occipital fissure till the dorsal sellae and the posterior part of the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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5
Q

The neurocranium is divided into two portion, by what structure and into which compartements

A

By the tentorium of the cerebellum, into the supratentorial and infratentorial compartement

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6
Q

The infratentorial compartment consist of ? The supra consists of?

A

Cerebellum and brainstem, the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

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7
Q

Where does the tentorium attach

A

From the transverse occipital fissure to the petrous portion of the temporal bone till the clinoid process of the sphenoid bone

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8
Q

What is the incisura tentori

A

It allows the brainstem to continue with the diencephalon

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9
Q

What is the tonsila

A

It the part of the cerebellum that could herniate into the firemen magnum this would be called a tonsilla herniation

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10
Q

The supratentorial compartment I’d divided into 2 structures By?

A

The great cerebral falx

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11
Q

The great cerebral falx and the tentorium cerebellum are innervated by what nerve

A

The ophthalmic division of the trigeminus

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12
Q

The greater wing of the sphenoid are innervated by

A

The maxillary division of the trigeminus V2

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13
Q

The temporal bone is innervated by?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminus V3

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14
Q

The infratentorial compartment is innervated by

A

The upper cervical spinal nerves

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15
Q

Name the meninges of the brain and a difference here from the spinal chord

A

The pia mater, the archnoid, the dura mater. There is no subarachnoid space and the dura is divided into the endosteal layer and the meningeal layer. There is no epidural space

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16
Q

What are pacchions granulations

A

They are areas where the arachnoid can form evaginations that protude into the venous sinus. This allows drainage of the CSF

17
Q

The walls of the venus sinus are made of

A

The dura mater, as they are between the dura mater

18
Q

Name the venous sinus’

A

The transverse sinus, the great sinus, the sigmoid sinus, the superior and inferior petrous sinus, the cavernous sinus, the superior and inferior saggital sinus

19
Q

Detail the cerebellar falx

A

Is a narrow layer of dura, they separate the 2 cerebellar hemispheres and attach onto the occipital bone

20
Q

Where are the meningeal arteries

A

Embedded in the endosteum, the largest is the middle meningeal artery and they pass through the inner surface of the parietal and temporal bone

21
Q

Go to slides for images and labelling of cerebellum

A

Please

22
Q

Where is the chordoid plexus formed?

A

At the level of the Tele coroidea

23
Q

The Tele coroidea is made of

A

Ependymal cells covered by pia mater

24
Q

The vessels of the chordoid plexus are structurally?

A

They are fenestrated so that fluid can pass through the ependymal cells into the CSF

25
Q

The brain-CSF is formed by

A

The cells of the chordoid plexus

26
Q

The function of the brachia of the superior and inferior colliculi is?

A

To attach these structures to the diencephalon

27
Q

The brainstem is divided into 3 regions

A

The base, tegmentum, and the tectum

28
Q

What is the cerebellar peduncle

A

The base and the tegmentum together

29
Q

What is the crus cerebri is

A

The base of the midbrain where the interpeduncular fossa is

30
Q

Where is the tectum

A

Only in the midbrain

31
Q

Name the components of the tegmentum

A

Reticular formation, sensory pathway, specific nuclei, cranial nerve nuclei, motor pathway (oldest)

32
Q

Name the components of the base

A

The pyramids, the pyramida tract(cortico-spinal), cortico-pontine

33
Q

Explain the reticular formation

A

It is the oldest area of the brainstem, performs many vital functions: homeostasis, consciousness, arousal, pain, primitive motor control, muscle tone, behavioural mechanisms

34
Q

The divisions of the reticular formation are

A

The cytoarchitectonic and the neurochemical

35
Q

Noroadrenergenic pathways are

A

Imp for attention, sleep wake cycle, mood modulation, pain modulation

36
Q

Serotonergenic pathways are important for

A

Disorders of moods, pain modulation, temperature regulation, motor control, arousal

37
Q

The dopaminergic pathway is divided into 3 paths

A

The mesocortical, the mesolimbic, mesostriatal

Year 1 Semester 2 (16 decks)

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