Muscles Flashcards
List the functions of skeletal muscles?
voluntary movement, maintain posture, protect internal organs, produce heat and energy for body
explain how muscle is a source of heat/energy
when stimulated, the muscle needs ATP for contraction, ATP use is followed by a release of energy, part of this is dissipated as heat
what are the intrinsic and extrinsic functional characteristics of muscles
intrinsic: excitability, contractibility, extensibility. Extrinsic: elasticity
what are the structural characteristics of muscles?
a muscle belly (muscular tissue), CT (tendon and fascia), blood vessels, nerves (for trophism)
what are the 3 components of a muscle
endomysium: CT covers each muscle fiber, perimysium: CT divides muscle belly in fasciculi, epimysium: CT that covers whole belly
tendons do what?
attach muscle to bone, are viscoelastic (low elasticity imp for efficient energy transfer from muscle to bone)
a tendon consists of 3 parts name them
the substance of the tendon itself, the muscle attachment, the bone insertion
what are the functions of peritendinous structures such as the paratenon and the synovial tendon sheath?
to surround the tendon and the assist the tendon in its function
what is an aponeurosis?
a flattened tendon for attaching large muscles across a wide area
what are raphe?
the line of union of halves of various symmetric parts
what are tendon bone insertions?
they allow the transition from flexible tendon to rigid bone, tendon collagen fibrils pass through zones of increasing stiffness, collagen fibrils blend into the periosteum or directly into the bone
what are the 4 patterns of fascicle organization?
parallel, pennate, convergent, circular
there are 3 kinds of pennate muscles, name them
unipennate (fibers on 1 side of tendon), bipennate (fibers on both sides of tendon), multipennate (tendon branches within muscle)
what are Golgi tendon organs?
they are free nervous fibers blended with collagen fibrils, lining within the tendons immediately beyond the attachment to muscle fibers, they are afferent. They are sensitive to the amount of tension produced, and inhibit tension production
