Endocrine syndromes and diseases

Question 1

glucocorticoids in cushing’s disease and cushing’s syndrome come from where

Answer 1

zona fasiculata

Question 2

hypercortisolism occurs as result of hypersecretion of ACTH from pituitary adenoma

Answer 2

cushing’s disease

Question 3

MC cause of cushing’s syndrome is what

Answer 3

administration of exogenous steroid hormones

Question 4

70% of cushing’s syndrome caused by what

Answer 4

cushing’s disease

Question 5

excess glucocorticoids for reason other than pituitary

Answer 5

cushing’s syndrome

Question 6

MC source of ectopically secreted ACTH

Answer 6

extrapituitary tumors like SCLC

Question 7

S&S of cushing’s

Answer 7

moon face
buffalo hump
red face
HTN
thin skin (abdominal striae)
glucose intolerance
DM
mentally unstable
fatigue/weakness

Question 8

S&S of conn’s syndrome

Answer 8

retention of sodium
loss of potassium
retention fo water
hypernatremic hypokalemic HTN

Question 9

adenoma of zona glomerulosa

Answer 9

primary hyperaldosteronism

Question 10

what stimulates secretion of aldosterone

Answer 10

angiotensin

Question 11

associated with hyperreninemia

Answer 11

secondary hyperaldosteronism

Question 12

21-hydroxylase deficiency in neonates

Answer 12

adrenogenital syndrome

Question 13

adrenogenital syndrome in females experience what

Answer 13

virilization due to excess adrenogenic hormones

Question 14

what are the S&S of adrenogenital syndrome in adults females

Answer 14

hirsutism, deepening of the voice, loss of menstruation

Question 15

adrenocortical hypofunction is a consequence of what

Answer 15

adrenal destruction

Question 16

what infections and malignancies cause adrenal insufficiency

Answer 16

TB
histoplasmosis
lung or breast cancer

Question 17

bilateral adrenal rupture

Answer 17

waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome

Question 18

what causes waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome

Answer 18

neisseria meningitides

Question 19

what is the MC disease of adrenal insufficiency

Answer 19

addison’s disease

Question 20

infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the cortex

Answer 20

addison’s disease

Question 21

what S&S do addison’s disease pts have

Answer 21

fatigue
weight loss
nausea
hypotension

Question 22

neoplasms of the adrenal medulla that synthesize and release catecholamines (Epi and NE)

Answer 22

pheochromocytoma

Question 23

pheochromocytomas that arise from other sites are called what

Answer 23

paragnagliomas

Question 24

dominant clinical manifestation of pheochromocytomas

Answer 24

HTN abrupt with tachycardia, palpitations, H/A, sweating, and tremor

Question 25

2/3 of pheochromocytoma pts have what

Answer 25

chronic, sustained elevations in BP

Question 26

in another 1/3 of pheochromocytoma pts, paroxysms may be precipitated by what

Answer 26

stress, exercise, and change in posture

Question 27

elevations in BP induced by sudden release of what

Answer 27

catecholamines

Question 28

pheochromocytomas may secrete what other hormones

Answer 28

ACTH and somatostatin

Question 29

lab dx of pheochromocytomas is based on increased urinary excretion of what

Answer 29

VMAs and metanephrines