colorectal pathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

can antibiotics cause colitis?

A

yes

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2
Q

what does a diverticulum look like?

A

extra openings in the mucosa of the large bowel
outpouchings on outside of large bowel
very nobbly

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3
Q

when are diverticuli dangerous?

A

can become blocked and inflamed

causing abscesses, adherence and stricture

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4
Q

what does diverticuli look like histologically?

A

not neoplastic

looks fairly normal if not inflamed

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of diverticular disease?

A

can be asymptomatic

only get symptoms if complicated

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6
Q

what is diverticular disease associated with

A

western diet
reduced fibre
increased intraluminal pressure

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7
Q

how does a diverticulum appear?

A

mucosa herniated through its own muscle wall due to increased pressure
true diverticulae = all layers involved (appendix)

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8
Q

what are the complications of diverticular disease?

A
inflammation
rupture
abscess
fistula
haemorrhage
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9
Q

what does colitis look like?

A
very red lumen walls
histologically:
- withering of crypts and 
- smudging of lamina propria
- few chronic inflammatory cells
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10
Q

what can cause ischaemic colitis?

A
CVD
atherosclerosis of mesenteric vessels
A. fibrillation
shock
embolus
vasculitis
elderly
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11
Q

is ischaemic colitis right or left sided?

A

usually left sided

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12
Q

what are the possible complications of ischaemic colitis?

A

haemorrhage
rupture
stricture

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13
Q

what does antibiotic induced (pseudomembranous) colitis look like?

A

speckled yellowish plaques of exudate on mucosa of large intestine
causes by spots of bacterially induced ischamia

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14
Q

what might antibiotic induced (pseudomembranous) colitis look like histologically?

A

volcano explosion

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15
Q

who gets antibiotic induced (pseudomembranous) colitis

A

patients on broad spectrum antibiotics

C. Diff selected out

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16
Q

what might watery diarrhoea in 5060 yr old female indicate?

A
collagenous colitis (AKA microscopic colitis)
(autoimmune disease)
17
Q

what does collagenous colitis look like histologically?

A

thick band of collagen under epithelium (causes diarrhoea)

18
Q

how is collagenous colitis diagnosed?

A

biopsy

19
Q

what might watery diarrhoea with no thickened collagen band indicate?

A

looks like coeliac disease
lymphocytic colitis
(type of microscopic colitis)

20
Q

what disease is lymphocytic colitis associated with?

A

coeliac disease

21
Q

red, focally congested colon on colonoscopy + branched crypts in random distribution but no inflammation + vascular spaces in lamina propria + previous radiotherapy treatment?

A

radiation colitis

22
Q

what is radiation colitis?

A

iatrogenic

23
Q

what causes acute infective colitis?

A

infection

rarely drugs

24
Q

how is acute infective colitis diagnosed?

A
stool culture
recognise symptoms (diarrhoea)
25
Q

how is acute infective colitis treated?

A

usually self limiting?