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GI lectures > The Acute Abdomen > Flashcards

The Acute Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what is munchausen

A

factitious disease

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2
Q

what is rosvig’s sign?

A

palpation in LLQ increases pain in RLQ

= appendicitis

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3
Q

what can cause tinkling bowel sounds?

A

subacute bowel obstruction

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4
Q

what would be found on examination of peritonitis?

A

guarding “board like”

rebound tenderness

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5
Q

when might bowel sounds be absent?

A

intestinal obstruction
peritonitis
obese
paralytic ileus

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6
Q

what is usually given with strong analgesic?

A

anti-emetic

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7
Q

what is the initial management of acute abdomen?

A 
ABC
oxygen
fluids
observations
urinalysis
treat nausea/pain
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8
Q

what is cullens sign?

A

oedema and bruising around umbilicus

indicates severe acute pancreatitis

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9
Q

what is grey turner’s sign?

A

bruising of flank areas

indicates pancreatic problem

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10
Q

what is erythema ab igne?

A

“hot water bottle rash”

due to excess exposure to heat

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11
Q

what abdominal signs indicate that it is not an acute condition?

A

caput medusae
jaundice
striae
masses

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12
Q

what are the initial investigations for acute abdomen?

A 
FBC (AMYLASE, CRP, LFTs, coagulase, lactate, Us&Es, Ca)
AXR
erect CXR
CT = gold standard
US good in RIF/RUQ pain, women and kids
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13
Q

what fatal conditions must be checked for and excluded to prevent death?

A

pancreatitis

AAA

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14
Q

what acute abdomen patients need immediate surgery?

A

faecal peritonitis
ischaemic gut
perforated duodenal ulcer
AAA?

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15
Q

what does “board like” guarding indicate

A

peritonitis

perforated duodenal ulcer

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16
Q

how is a perforated duodenal ulcer treated?

A 
resuscitate
antibiotics
theatre if needed
Patch repair
eradicate H. Pylori and PPI
17
Q

what conditions are classes as colonic emergencies?

A 
obstruction
volvulus
acute diverticulitis
toxic colitis
perforations
18
Q

how is a volvulus managed?

A

decompress using rigid sigmoidoscope

19
Q

how is a malignant obstruction managed?

A

surgery or stent

20
Q

how is diverticulitis managed?

A

ranges from antibiotics to hartmanns procedure

21
Q

how is typhlitis managed?

A

antibiotics or operate

22
Q

what is stercoral perforation and how is it managed?

A

breach of intestinal wall due to damage from internal contents
managed by removing colon

23
Q

how is a leak/small perforation managed?

A

theatre

24
Q

how is diverticulitis classified?

A

Hinchey classification

1 = paracolic abscess
2 = pelvic abscess
3 = purulent peritonitis
4 = faecal peritonitis
25
Q

what is hartmann’s procedure?

A

removes sigmoid colon
leaves rectum
creates colostomy
used in diverticulitis

GI lectures (75 decks)

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