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Infection, immunity and repair > Mesenchymal cells progenitors > Flashcards

Mesenchymal cells progenitors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mesenchyme?

A

Loosely packed cells that lack polarity

Forms meshwork of ECM and allow cells to differentiate

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2
Q

Where is the mesenchyme found in the skin?

A

Dermis

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3
Q

What does the skin mesenchyme form during differentiation ?

A

Hair follicles

Blood vessels

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4
Q

What cell sub-types form from the mesenchymal cells?

A 
Stromal 
Skin - fibroblasts and myofibroblasts
Myocytes 
Adipocytes 
Astrocytes
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5
Q

What are the roles of the epithelial cells?

A

Create a filtration barrier through its tight juncitons

Protects the skin from the environment and pathogens

Regulates exchange of nutrients and hormones between tissues and blood

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial cells?

A

Polarised - express different proteins on either side

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7
Q

Where are epithelial cells forund?

A

Lungs
Kidneys
Gut

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8
Q

What happens when the epithelial cells become damaged?

A

Triggers an inflammatory response

Activation of underlying cells

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9
Q

What activates the differentiation of epithelial cells into myofibroblasts?

A

TGFb. GFG, EFG and environmental factors like hypoxia

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10
Q

What are the steps of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition?

A
  1. Loose polarity and cell adhesion
  2. Become more migratory
  3. Loose expression of epithelial cell surface markers
  4. Gain expression of myofibroblast cell surface markers
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11
Q

What tissues does Epithelial-mesenchymal transition form?

A

Heart valves

Palette formation

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12
Q

What diseases are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition?

A

Cancer
COPD
Lung fibrosis
CKD

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13
Q

What activates endothelial-mesenchymal transition?

A

Inflammatory chemokines, cytokines and environmental factors like hypoxia

IL 1b
TGFb
TNFa

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14
Q

What are the steps of endothelial-mesenchymal transition?

A
  1. Endothelial cell appearance changes to spindle-like
  2. Lose polarity and cell adhesion
  3. Become more migratory
  4. Lose endothelial surface markers
  5. Gain expression of mesenchymal proteins - collagen I and fibronectin
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15
Q

What beneficial processes are endothelial-mesenchymal transition associated with?

A

Forms heart cushions

Important mechanism for organ and tissue development

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16
Q

What diseases are endothelial-mesenchymal transition associated with?

A

Cancer
Pulmonary hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Inflammatory diseases

17
Q

What is the appearance of endothelial cells?

A

Cobble-like arrangement

18
Q

What is the appearance of myofibroblasts?

A

Spindle-like formation

19
Q

What other cells can transition into myofibroblasts?

A

Pericytes

Fibroblasts

Infection, immunity and repair (52 decks)

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